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CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS, 1970 (LI 674).        

.

ARRANGEMENT OF PARTS

Part

I.     Registration and Marking of Aircraft

II.    Air Operators' Certificates

III.   Airworthiness and Equipment of Aircraft

IV.   Aircraft Crew and Licensing

V.    Operation of Aircraft

VI.   Fatigue of Flight Crew

VII.  Documents and Records

VIII. Control of Air Traffic

IX.   Aerodromes, aeronautical lights and dangerous lights

X.   General

SCHEDULES

ARRANGEMENT OF REGULATIONS

PART I

Registration and Marking of Aircraft

Regulation

1. Aircraft to be registered

2. Registration

3. Nationality and registration marks

PART II

Air Operators' Certificates

4. Issue of certificates

PART III

Airworthiness and Equipment of Aircraft

5. Certificate of airworthiness to be in force

6. Issue and renewal of certificates of airworthiness

7. Certificates of maintenance

8. Inspection, repair, etc.

9. Licensing of maintenance engineers

10. Equipment of aircraft

11. Radio equipment

12. Aircraft, engine and propeller log books

13. Aircraft weight schedule

14. Access and inspection

PART IV

Aircraft Crew and Licensing

15. Composition of crew

16. Licences for flight crew

17. Grant and renewal of flight crew licences

18. Validation of licences

19. Personal flying log book

20. Instruction in flying

21. Glider pilots

PART V

Operation of Aircraft

22. Operations manual

23. Public transport—operator's responsibilities

24. Loading—public transport aircraft and suspended loads

25. Public transport—operating conditions

26. Aircraft not registered in Ghana—weather conditions

27. Pre-flight action by commander of aircraft

28. Pilots to remain at controls

29. Public transport of passengers—duties of commander

30. Operation of radio in aircraft

31. Use of flight recorders and preservation of records

32. Towing of gliders

33. Towing, picking up and raising of persons and articles

34. Dropping of persons and articles

35. Carriage of ammunitions of war

36. Carriage of dangerous goods

37. Carriage of persons

38. Exits and break-in markings

39. Imperilling safety of aircraft

40. Imperilling safety of any person or property

41. Drunkenness in aircraft

42. Smoking in aircraft

43. Authority of commander of aircraft

44. Stowaways.

PART VI

Fatigue of Flight Crew

45. Application and interpretation

46. Duties of operators to prevent excessive fatigue

47. Limits on flight times, flying duty periods and rest periods

48. Maximum flying duty periods

49. Minimum rest periods

50. Records of flight times and duty periods

51. Maximum flight times

52. Provision for particular cases.

PART VII

Documents and Records

53. Documents to be carried

54. Production of documents and records

55. Preservation of documents and records

56. Revocation, suspension and variation of certificates, licences and other documents.

57. Offences

PART VIII

Control of Air Traffic

58. Rules of the air and air traffic control

59. Power to prohibit or restrict flying

60. Balloons and kites.

PART IX

Aerodomes, aeronautical lights and dangerous lights

61. Aircraft to use aerodromes

62. Use of Government aerodromes

63. Licensing of aerodromes

64. Records at aerodromes

65. Charges at aerodromes

66. Aircraft from other States

67. Control of noise and vibration

68. Aeronautical lights

69. Dangerous lights

70. Customs airports.

PART X

General

71. Restriction on carriage

72. Power to prevent aircraft flying

73. Right of access to aerodromes and other places

74. Obstruction of persons

75. Enforcement of directions

76. Fees

77. Acts of Director outside Ghana

78. Penalties

79. Extra-territorial effect of these Regulations

80. Application to President and visiting forces, etc.

81. Exemption

82. Interpretation

83. Landing rights

84. Small aircraft.

SCHEDULES

Schedule  1—Part A. Table of General classification of aircraft Part B. Nationality and registration marks of aircraft registered in Ghana.

Schedule  2—A and B Conditions

Schedule  3—Categories of aircraft

Schedule  4—Maintenance engineers: privileges of licences

Schedule  5—Aircraft equipment

Schedule  6—Radio apparatus to be carried in aircraft

Schedule  7—Aircraft, engine and propeller log books

Schedule 8—Areas specified in connection with the carriage of fight navigators as members of the flight crew of public transport aircraft.

Schedule  9—Flight crew of aircraft: licences and ratings

Schedule 10—Public transport: operational requirements

Schedule 11—Documents to be carried by aircraft registered in Ghana.

In exercise of the powers conferred on the President by section 4 of the Civil Aviation Act, 1958 (No. 37) these Regulations are made this 14th day of December, 1970.

PART I—REGISTRATION AND MARKING OF AIRCRAFT

Regulation 1—Aircraft to be Registered.

(1) No aircraft shall fly over Ghana unless it is registered in—

(a) a Contracting State; or

(b) some other country in relation to which there is in force an agreement between the Ghana Government and the Government of that country which makes provision for the flight over Ghana provided that; of aircraft registered in that country;

(i) a glider may fly unregistered, and shall be deemed to be registered in Ghana for the purposes of regulations 10, 11, 16 and 27, on any flight which begins and ends in Ghana without passing over any other country, and is not for the purpose of public transport or aerial work;

(ii) any aircraft may fly unregistered on any flight which begins and ends in Ghana without passing over any other country, and is in accordance with the "B Conditions" set forth in Schedule 2 to these Regulations;

(iii) this paragraph shall not apply to any kite or captive balloon.

(2) If an aircraft flies over Ghana in contravention of this regulation in such manner or circumstances that if it had been registered in Ghana an offence against these Regulations or any rules made thereunder would have been committed, the like offence shall be deemed to have been committed in respect of that aircraft.

Regulation 2—Registration

(1) The Director shall be the authority for the registration of aircraft in Ghana.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this regulation, an aircraft shall not be registered or continue to be registered in Ghana if it appears to the Director that:—

(a) the aircraft is registered anywhere outside Ghana and that such registration does not cease by operation of law upon the aircraft being registered in Ghana; or

(b) an unqualified person is entitled as owner to any legal or beneficial interest in the aircraft or   any share therein; or

(c) the aircraft could more suitably be registered in some other part of the commonwealth; or

(d) Refer to the original script.

(3) No aircraft shall be registered under these Regulations unless —

(a) it is owned by a Ghanaian citizen or any body corporate registered and having its principal place of business in Ghana and a majority of whose directors or partners are Ghanaian citizens;

(b) proof of ownership has been submitted and also that the aircraft is not registered in another State;

(c) all duties due and payable under the laws of Ghana have been paid;

(d) an application for registration has been made containing such details as the Director may require.

(4) If an unqualified person residing or having a place of business in Ghana is entitled as owner to a legal or beneficial interest in an aircraft, or a share therein, the Director upon being satisfied that the aircraft may otherwise be properly so registered, may register the aircraft in Ghana.  The person aforesaid shall not cause or permit the aircraft, while it is registered in pursuance of this paragraph, to be used for the purpose of public transport or aerial work.

(5) If an aircraft is chartered by demise to a person qualified as aforesaid the Director may, whether or not an unqualified person is entitled as owner to a legal or beneficial interest therein, register the aircraft in Ghana in the name of the charterer upon being satisfied that the aircraft may otherwise be properly so registered, and subject to the provisions of this regulation the aircraft may remain so registered, during the continuation of the charter.

(6) Application to register an aircraft in Ghana shall be made in writing to the Director, and shall be accompanied by such particulars and evidence relating to the aircraft and the ownership and chartering thereof as he may require to enable him to determine whether the aircraft may properly be registered in Ghana and to issue the certificate of registration.  In particular, the application shall include the proper description of the aircraft according to column 4 of the “General Classification of Aircraft” set forth in Part A of Schedule 1.

(7) Upon receiving an application for the registration of an aircraft and being satisfied that the aircraft may properly be so registered, the Director shall register the aircraft, wherever it may be, and shall include in the register the following particulars:—

(a)  the number of the certificate;

(b) the nationality mark of the aircraft, and the registration mark assigned to it by the  Director;

(c) the name of the constructor of the aircraft and its designation;

(d) the serial number of the aircraft;

(e) the name and address of every person who is entitled as owner to a legal interest in the aircraft or a share therein, or, in the case of an aircraft which is the subject of a hire purchase agreement, the name and address of the hirer; or

(f) in the case of an aircraft registered in pursuance of paragraphs (4) and (5) of this regulation, an indication that it is so registered.

(8) The Director shall give the person in whose name the aircraft is registered (hereinafter in this regulation referred to as "the registered owner") a certificate of registration, which shall include the foregoing particulars and the date on which the certificate was issued.

(9) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5) of this regulation, if at any time after an aircraft has been registered in Ghana an unqualified person becomes entitled as owner to a legal or beneficial interest in the aircraft or a share therein, the registration of the aircraft shall thereupon become void and the certificate of registration shall forthwith be returned by the registered owner to the Director for cancellation.

(10) Any person who is registered as the owner of an aircraft registered in Ghana shall forthwith inform the Director in writing of:

(a) any change in the particulars which were given to the Director upon application being made to register the aircraft;

(b) the destruction of the aircraft, or its permanent withdrawal from use;

(c) in the case of an aircraft registered in pursuance of paragraph (5) of this regulation, the termination of the demise charter.

(11) Any person who becomes the owner of an aircraft registered in Ghana shall forthwith inform the Director in writing to that to that effect.

(12) The Director may whenever it appears to him necessary or appropriate to do so for giving effect to this Part or for bringing up to date or otherwise correcting the particulars entered on the register amend the register or, if he thinks fit, may cancel the registration of the aircraft, and shall cancel that registration if he is satisfied that there has been a change in the ownership of the aircraft.

(13) The Director may, by rules, adapt or modify the foregoing provisions of this regulation as he thinks necessary or expedient to provide for the temporary transfer of aircraft to or from the Ghana register, either generally or in relation to a particular case or class of cases.

(14) In this regulation references to an interest in an aircraft do not include an interest in an aircraft to which a person is entitled only by virtue of his membership of a flying club, and the reference in paragraph (10) of this regulation to the registered owner of an aircraft includes in the case of a deceased person, his legal personal representative, and in the case of any body corporate which has been dissolved, its successor.

(15) Nothing in this regulation shall require the Director to cancel the registration of an aircraft if in his opinion it would be inexpedient in the public interest to do so.

Regulation 3—Nationality and Registration Marks.

(1) An aircraft (other than an aircraft permitted by or under these Regulations to fly without being registered) shall not fly unless it bears painted thereon or affixed thereto, in the manner required by the law of the country in which it is registered, the nationality and registration marks required by that law.

(2) The marks to be borne by aircraft registered in Ghana shall comply with Part B of Schedule 1.

(3) An aircraft shall not bear any marks which purport to indicate—

(a) that the aircraft is registered in a country in which it is not in fact registered; or

(b) that the aircraft is a State aircraft of a particular country if it is not in fact such an aircraft, unless the appropriate authority of that country has sanctioned the bearing of such marks.

PART II—AIR OPERATORS' CERTIFICATES

Regulation 4—Issue of Certificates.

(1) The Director shall be responsible for the safety of civil aviation in Ghana.

(2) An aircraft registered in Ghana and having a maximum total weight authorized of more than 5,000 pounds shall not fly on any flight for the purpose of public transport, otherwise than under and in accordance with the terms of an air operators' certificate granted to the operator of the aircraft under paragraph (3) of this regulation, certifying that the holder of the certificate is competent to ensure that aircraft operated by him on flights for the purpose of public transport are operated safely.

(3) The Director shall grant to any person applying therefor an air operator's certificate if he is satisfied that the applicant is competent, having regard in particular to his previous conduct and experience, his equipment, organization, staffing, maintenance and other arrangements, to ensure the safe operation of aircraft of the types specified in the certificate on flights of the description and for the purposes so specified. The certificate may be granted subject to such conditions as the Director thinks fit, and, subject to paragraph (4) of this regulation, shall remain in force for the period specified in the certificate.

(4) Subject to paragraph (5) of this regulation, the Director may suspend or revoke any air operator's certificate, and may vary any such certificate whether or not application has been made for the variation.

(5) The Director shall not suspend, revoke or vary any air operator's certificate except in accordance with an application made by its holder, unless—

(a) the Director has previously given the holder of the certificate such written notice in such a manner and at such a time as may be prescribed, containing concise particulars of the Director's proposal and the reasons for it;

(b) the notice has expired; and

(b) the Director has considered any representations which the holder of the certificate may have made to him in writing before the expiration of the notice:

Provided that the foregoing requirements of this paragraph need not be complied with in any case where the Director certifies that in the interests of the safety of air navigation it is essential for the revocation, suspension or variation of the certificate to take effect immediately.

(6) The Director shall serve the applicant for or holder of the certificate (as the case may be) with written notice of his decision as to that certificate and shall within fourteen days give the applicant for or holder of the certificate reasons in writing for his decision—

(a) if he refuses to grant the certificate, or grants it subject to a condition to which the applicant has not agreed; or

(b) if he suspends, revokes or varies the certificate otherwise than in accordance with an application by the holder.

(7) Any applicant for or holder of an air operator’s certificate who is aggrieved by a decision of the Director as to that application or certificate may, within six months of that decision, appeal to the Minister.

(8) In this regulation "holder", in relation to a certificate, includes the holder of a certificate which has been revoked or suspended.

PART III—AIRWORTHINESS AND EQUIPMENT OF AIRCRAFT

Regulation 5—Certificates of Airworthiness to be in Force.

(1) An aircraft shall not fly unless there is in force in respect of it a certificate of airworthiness duly issued or rendered valid under the law of the country in which the aircraft is registered, and any conditions subject to which the certificate was issued or rendered valid are complied with:

Provided that this prohibition shall not apply to flights, beginning and ending in Ghana without passing over any other country, of:

(a) a glider, if it is not being used for the public transport of passengers or aerial work;

(b) a balloon, if it is not being used for the public transport of passengers;

(c) a kite;'

(d) an aircraft flying in accordance with the "A Conditions" or the "B Conditions" set forth in Schedule 2;

(e) an aircraft flying in accordance with the conditions of a permit to fly issued by the Director in respect of that aircraft.

(2) In the case of an aircraft registered in Ghana the certificate of airworthiness referred to in paragraph (1) of this regulation shall be a certificate issued or rendered valid in accordance with regulation 6.

Regulation 6—Issue and Renewal of Certificates of Airworthiness.

(1) The Director may issue a certificate of airworthiness for any aircraft if he is satisfied that the aircraft is fit to fly having regard to:

(a) its design, construction, workmanship and materials (including in particular any engines fitted therein), and of any equipment carried in the aircraft which he considers necessary for the airworthiness of the aircraft; and

(b)  the results of flying trials, and such other tests of the aircraft as he may require:

Provided that if the Director has issued a certificate of airworthiness in respect of an aircraft which in his opinion is a prototype aircraft or a modification of a prototype aircraft, he may dispense with flying trials in the case of any other aircraft if he is satisfied that it conforms to such prototype or modification.

(2) Every certificate of airworthiness shall specify such categories as are, in the opinion of the Director, appropriate to the aircraft in accordance with Schedule 3 and the certificate shall be issued subject to the condition that the aircraft shall be flown only for the purposes indicated in Schedule 3 in relation to those categories.

(3) The Director may issue the certificate of airworthiness subject to such other conditions relating to the airworthiness of the aircraft as he thinks fit.

(4) The certificate of airworthiness may designate the performance group to which the aircraft belongs for the purposes of the requirements referred to in regulation 25 (1).

(5) The Director may, subject to such conditions as he thinks fit, issue a certificate of validation rendering valid for the purposes of these Regulations a certificate of airworthiness issued in respect of any aircraft under the law of any country other than Ghana.

(6) Subject to the provisions of this regulation and of regulation 56, a certificate of airworthiness or validation issued under this regulation shall remain in force for such periods as may be specified therein, and may be renewed by the Director for such further period as he thinks fit.

(7) A certificate of airworthiness or a certificate of validation issued in respect of an aircraft shall cease to be in force—

(a) if the aircraft, or such of its equipment as is necessary for the airworthiness of the aircraft is overhauled, repaired or modified, or if any part of the aircraft or of such equipment is removed or is replaced, otherwise than in a manner and with material of a type approved by the Director either generally or in relation to a class of aircraft or to the particular aircraft; or

(b) until the completion of any inspection of the aircraft or of any such equipment as aforesaid, being an inspection required by the Director to be made to ascertain whether the aircraft remains airworthy.

(8) Without prejudice to any other provision of these Regulations the Director may, for the purposes of this regulation, accept reports given to him by a person whom he may approve either absolutely or subject to such conditions as he thinks fit as qualified to give such reports.

(9) The Director shall cause to be prepared and preserved in relation to each aircraft registered in Ghana a record enabling the aircraft (including in particular its engine) and such of its equipment as he may have considered necessary for the airworthiness of the aircraft in issuing, varying or rendering valid a certificate of airworthiness, to be identified with the drawings and other documents on the basis of which the certificate was issued, varied or rendered valid as the case may be. All equipment so identified shall for the purposes of these Regulations be deemed to be equipment necessary for the airworthiness of the aircraft. The Director shall cause such record to be produced for examination upon request at any reasonable time by any person having, in the opinion of the Director, reasonable grounds for requiring to examine it.

Regulation 7—Certificates of Maintenance.

(1) An aircraft registered in Ghana shall not fly for the purpose of public transport or dropping or projecting any material for agricultural, public health or similar purposes unless:

(a) the aircraft (including in particular its engines), together with its equipment and radio station, is maintained in accordance with maintenance schedules approved by the Director in relation to that aircraft;

(b) there are in force in respect of that aircraft certificates (in these Regulations referred to as "certificates of maintenance") issued in accordance with the provisions of this regulation and certifying that maintenance has been carried out in accordance with such maintenance schedules:

Provided that an aircraft may, notwithstanding that subparagraphs (a) and (b) have not been compiled with in relation to the radio station therein, fly for the sole purpose of enabling persons to be trained to perform duties in aircraft.

(2) Every certificate of maintenance shall come into force upon being issued and shall cease to be in force upon the expiration of the period of its validity in elapsed time or flying time, whichever may be the earlier, as specified in the relevant maintenance schedule, and the period of validity of the certificate shall be recorded in the certificate at the time when it is issued.

(3) A certificate of maintenance may be issued for the purpose of this regulation only by:

(a) the holder of a licence granted under these Regulations as an aircraft maintenance engineer or aircraft radio maintenance engineer being a licence of a category appropriate in accordance with regulation 9 and Schedule 4; or

(b) the holder of a licence as such an engineer granted under the law of a country other than Ghana and rendered valid under these Regulations, in accordance with the privileges endorsed on the licence; or

(c) the holder or a licence as such an engineer granted under the law of any such country as may be prescribed, in accordance with the privileges endorsed on the licence and subject to any conditions which may be prescribed; or

(d) a person whom the Director has authorized to issue a certificate of maintenance in a particular case and in accordance with that authority:

Provided that, upon approving a maintenance schedule, the Director may direct that certificates of maintenance relating to that schedule, or to any part thereof specified in his direction, may be issued only by the holder of a licence so specified.

(4) Certificates of maintenance shall be issued in duplicate. One duplicate shall, during the period of validity of the certificate, be carried in the aircraft when regulation 53 so requires, and the other shall be kept by the operator elsewhere than in the aircraft.

(5) On the termination of every flight by an aircraft registered in Ghana for any of the purposes specified in paragraph (1) of this regulation the commander of the aircraft shall enter in a technical log:

(a) the times at which the flight began and ended; and

(b) particulars of any defect in any part of the aircraft or its equipment which is known to him, being a part to which a maintenance schedule relates, or, if no such defect is known to him, an entry to that effect;

and shall sign and date such entries:

Provided that in the case of a number of consecutive flights beginning and ending on the same day and which the same person as commander of the aircraft, the commander of an aircraft:

(i) flying for the purpose of public transport where each of the aforesaid consecutive flights begins at the same aerodrome and ends at that aerodrome, or

(ii) flying for the purpose of dropping or projecting any material for agricultural, public health or similar purposes,

may, except where he becomes aware of a defect during an earlier flight, make the entries as aforesaid in a technical log at the end of the last of such consecutive flights.

(6) Upon the rectification of any defect which has been entered in a technical log in accordance with paragraph (5) of this regulation, a copy of the certificate of compliance required by regulation 8 in respect of the work done to rectify the defect shall be entered in the technical log in such a position or manner as to be readily identifiable with the entry of the defect to which it relates.

(7) The technical log referred to in paragraphs (5) and (6) of this regulation shall be carried in the aircraft when regulation 53 so requires and copies of the entries referred to in those paragraphs shall be kept on the ground.

(8) Subject to regulation 55, every certificate of maintenance shall be preserved by the operator of the aircraft for two years following the expiry of the certificate and for such further period as the Director may require in any particular case.

Regulation 8—Inspection, Repair, Etc.

(1) An aircraft registered in Ghana in respect of which a certificate of airworthiness issued or rendered valid under these Regulations is in force, shall not fly if any part of the aircraft or of such of its equipment as is necessary for the airworthiness of the aircraft, has been overhauled, repaired, replaced or modified, or has been inspected as provided in regulation 6(7)(b), unless there is in force a certificate of compliance issued in accordance with this regulation and relating to the overhaul, repair, replacement, modification or inspection, as the case may be:

Provided that if a repair or replacement of a part of an aircraft or its equipment is carried out when the aircraft is at such place that it is not reasonably practicable:

(a) to carry out the repair or replacement in such a manner that a certificate of compliance can be issued under this regulation in respect thereof; or

(b) for such a certificate to be issued while the aircraft is at that place;

the aircraft may fly to a place at which such a certificate can be issued, being the nearest place to which the aircraft can, in the opinion of its commander, safely fly by a route for which it is properly equipped, and to which it is reasonable to fly having regard to any hazards to the liberty or health of any person on board; and in such case the commander of the aircraft shall cause written particulars of the flight, and the reasons for making it, to be given to the Director within ten days thereafter.

(2) Neither:

(a) equipment provided in compliance with Schedule 5 (except paragraph (3) thereof), nor

(b) in the case of a public transport aircraft, radio apparatus provided for use therein or in any survival craft carried therein, whether or not such apparatus is provided in compliance with these Regulations, or any rules made thereunder,

shall be installed, or placed on board for use, in an aircraft registered in Ghana after being overhauled, repaired or modified, unless there is in force in respect of it at the time when it is installed or placed on board a certificate of compliance issued in accordance with this regulation and relating to the overhaul, repair or modification.

(3) For the purposes of these Regulations, "certificate of compliance" means a certificate that the part of the aircraft or its equipment has been overhauled, repaired, replaced or modified, as the case may be, in a manner and with material of a type approved by the Director either generally or in relation to a class of aircraft or the particular aircraft and which identifies the aircraft and the overhaul, repair, replacement or modification to which it relates and includes particulars of the work done; and in relation to an inspection required by the Director, that the inspection has been made in accordance with the requirement of the Director and that any consequential repair or replacement has been carried out as aforesaid.

(4) A certificate of compliance may be issued for the purposes of this regulation only by—

(a) the holder of a certificate or a licence granted under these Regulations as an aircraft maintenance engineer or aircraft radio maintenance engineer being a licence of a category appropriate in accordance with regulation 9 and Schedule 4; or

(b) the holder of a licence as such an engineer granted under the law of a country other than Ghana and rendered valid under these Regulations, in accordance with the privileges endorsed on the licence; or

(c) the holder of a licence as such an engineer granted under the law of any such country as may be prescribed, in accordance with the privileges endorsed on the licence and subject to any conditions which may be prescribed; or

(d) a person approved by the Director as being competent to issue such certificates; or

(e) a person whom the Director has authorised to issue the certificate in a particular case; or

(f) in relation only to the adjustment and compensation of direct reading magnetic compasses, the holder of an Airline Transport Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes), Senior Commercial Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes) or a Flight Navigator's Licence.

(5) Subject to the provisions of regulation 55, if the aircraft to which a certificate of compliance relates is a public transport aircraft or an aerial work aircraft, the certificate of compliance shall be preserved by the operator of the aircraft for the period of time for which he is required to preserve the log book relating to the same part of the aircraft or to the same equipment or apparatus as the case may be. In the case of any other aircraft the certificate shall be preserved by the operator of the aircraft for a period of two years.

(6) In this regulation, the expression "repair" includes in relation to a compass the adjustment and compensation thereof and the expression "repaired" shall be construed accordingly.

Regulation 9—Licensing of Maintenance Engineers.

(1) The Director may grant to any person a licence to act for the purposes of these Regulations as an aircraft maintenance engineer, or an aircraft radio maintenance engineer, of one of the categories specified in Schedule 4, upon his being satisfied that the applicant is a fit and proper person to hold the licence and is qualified by his knowledge and experience to do so, and for that purpose the applicant shall give such evidence and undergo such examinations and tests as the Director may require.  The Director may include a rating in the licence limiting the licence to particular types of aircraft or equipment.

(2) A licence of any category shall, subject to any rating as aforesaid, entitle the holder to issue certificates of maintenance, certificates of compliance or certificates of fitness for flight in accordance with Schedule 4.

(3) A licence and a rating shall, subject to regulation 56, remain in force for the periods specified therein, not exceeding twelve months, but may be renewed by the Director upon his being satisfied that the applicant is a fit and proper person and is qualified as aforesaid.

(4) The Director may issue a certificate rendering valid for the purposes of these Regulations any licence as an aircraft maintenance engineer or aircraft radio maintenance engineer granted under the law of any country other than Ghana. Such certificate may be issued subject to such conditions, and for such period, as the Director thinks fit.

(5) Upon receiving a licence granted under this regulation, the holder shall forthwith sign his name thereon in ink with his ordinary signature.

Regulation 10—Equipment of Aircraft.

(1) An aircraft shall not fly unless it is so equipped as to comply with the law of the country in which it is registered, and to enable lights and markings to be displayed and signals to be made in accordance with these Regulations.

(2) In the case of aircraft registered in Ghana the equipment required to be provided (in addition to any other equipment required by or under these Regulations) shall be that specified in such parts of Schedule 5 as are applicable in the circumstances and shall comply with the provisions of that Schedule. The equipment, except that specified in paragraph (3) of Schedule 5, shall be of a type approved by the Director either generally or in relation to a class of aircraft or in relation to that aircraft and shall be installed in a manner so approved.

(3) In any particular case the Director may direct that an aircraft registered in Ghana shall carry such additional or special equipment or supplies as he may specify to facilitate navigation, the carrying out of search and rescue operations, or the survival of the persons carried in the aircraft.

(4) Equipment carried in compliance with this regulation shall be so installed or stowed and kept stowed, and so maintained and adjusted, as to be readily accessible and capable of being used by the person for whose use it is intended.

(5) The position of equipment provided for emergency use shall be indicated by clear markings in or on the aircraft. In particular there shall be exhibited in a prominent position in every passenger compartment of every public transport aircraft registered in Ghana a notice stating where the life jackets (if any) are to be found, and containing instructions as to how they are to be used.

(6) All equipment installed or carried in an aircraft, whether or not in compliance with this regulation, shall be so installed or stowed and kept stowed and so maintained and adjusted as not to be a source of danger in itself or to impair the airworthiness of the aircraft or the proper functioning of any equipment or services necessary for the safety of the aircraft.

(7) This regulation shall not apply in relation to radio apparatus except that specified in Schedule 5.

Regulation 11—Radio Equipment.

(1) An aircraft shall not fly unless it is so equipped with radio apparatus as to comply with the law of the country in which the aircraft is registered and to enable communications to be made, and the aircraft to be navigated, in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.

(2) In the case of aircraft registered in Ghana, the aircraft shall be equipped with radio apparatus in accordance with Schedule 6.

(3) In any particular case the Director may direct that an aircraft registered in Ghana shall carry such additional or special radio apparatus as he may specify to facilitate navigation, the carrying out of search and rescue operations or the survival of the persons carried in the aircraft.

(4) Subject to such exceptions as may be prescribed, the radio apparatus provided in compliance with this regulation in an aircraft registered in Ghana shall always be maintained in serviceable condition.

(5) All radio apparatus installed in an aircraft registered in Ghana (whether or not in compliance with these Regulations) shall be of a type approved by the Director in relation to the purpose for which it is to be used, and shall, except in the case of a glider which is permitted by regulation 1 to fly unregistered, be installed in a manner approved by the Director. Neither the apparatus nor the manner in which it is installed shall be modified except with the approval of the Director.

Regulation 12—Aircraft, Engine and Propeller Log Books.

(1) In addition to any other log books required by or under these Regulations, the following log books shall be kept in respect of every public transport aircraft and aerial work aircraft registered in Ghana:

(a) an aircraft log book; and

(b) a separate log book in respect of each engine fitted in the aircraft; and

(c) a separate log book in respect of each variable pitch propeller fitted to the aircraft.

The log books shall include the particulars respectively specified in Schedule 7.

(2) Each entry in the log books shall be made as soon as practicable after the occurrence to which it relates, but in no event more than seven days after the expiration of the certificate of maintenance (if any) in force in respect of the aircraft at the time of the occurrence.

(3) Entries in a log book may refer to other documents which shall be clearly identified, and any other documents so referred to shall be deemed for the purposes of these Regulations to be part of the log book.

(4) It shall be the duty of the operator of every aircraft in respect of which log books are required to be kept as aforesaid to keep them or cause them to be kept in accordance with this regulation.

(5) Subject to regulation 55, every log book shall be preserved by the operator of the aircraft until two years after the aircraft, the engine or the variable pitch propeller, as the case may be, has been destroyed or has been permanently withdrawn from use.

Regulation 13—Aircraft Weight Schedule.

(1) Every flying machine and glider in respect of which a certificate of airworthiness issued or rendered valid under these Regulations is in force shall be weighed, and the position of its centre of gravity determined, at such times and in such manner as the Direct or may require in the case of that aircraft.

(2) Upon the aircraft being weighed as aforesaid, the operator of the aircraft shall prepare a weight schedule showing the basic weight of the aircraft, that is to say, the weight of the aircraft empty together with the weight of unusable fuel and unusable oil in the aircraft and of such items of equipment as are indicated in the weight schedule; and showing the position of the centre of gravity of the aircraft when the aircraft contains only the items included in the basic weight.

(3) Subject to regulation 55, the weight schedule shall be preserved by the operator of the aircraft for six months following the next occasion on which the aircraft is weighed for the purposes of this regulation.

Regulation 14—Access and Inspection.

The Director may cause such inspections, investigations, tests, experiments and flight trials to be made as he thinks necessary for the purposes of this Part and any person authorized to do so in writing by the Director may at any reasonable time inspect any part of, or material intended to be incorporated in or used in the manufacture of any part of, an aircraft or its equipment or any documents relating thereto and may for that purpose go upon any aerodrome or aircraft factory.

PART IV—AIRCRAFT AND LICENSING

Regulation 15—Composition of Crew.

(1) An aircraft shall not fly unless it carries a flight crew of the number and description required by the law of the country in which it is registered.

(2) An aircraft registered in Ghana shall carry a flight crew adequate in number and description to ensure the safety of the aircraft and of at least the number and description specified in the certificate of airworthiness issued or rendered valid under these Regulations or, if no certificate of airworthiness is required under these Regulations to be in force, the certificate or airworthiness, if any, last in force under these Regulations, in respect of that aircraft.

(3) A flying machine registered in Ghana and flying for the purpose of public transport, having a maximum total weight authorised of 12,500 pounds or more, shall carry not less than two pilots as members of its flight crew.

(4) An aircraft registered in Ghana engaged on a flight for the purpose of public transport shall carry a flight navigator as a member of the flight crew if on the route or any diversion therefrom, being a route or diversion planned before take-off, the aircraft is intended to be more than 500 nautical miles from the point of take-off measured along the route to be flown and to pass over part of an area specified in Schedule 8. The flight navigator carried in compliance with this paragraph shall be carried in addition to any person who is carried in accordance with this regulation to perform other duties.

(5) If it appears to him to be expedient to do so in the interests of safety, the Director may direct any particular operator that the aircraft operated by him or any such aircraft shall not fly in such circumstances as the Director may specify unless those aircraft carry in addition to the flight crew required to be carried therein by this regulation such additional persons as members of the flight crew as he may specify in the direction.

(6) (a) When an aircraft registered in Ghana carries twenty or  more passengers on a flight for the purpose of public transport, the crew of the aircraft shall include cabin crew carried for the purpose of performing in the interest of the safety of passengers duties to be assigned by the operator or the person in command of the aircraft, but who shall not act as members of the flight crew. The number of cabin crew carried when the aircraft is carrying the number of passengers specified in column 1 of the following table shall be not less than the number specified in column 2:

TABLE

Minimum

Number of                                                                   number of

Passengers                                                                   cabin crew

20-50              ..          ..          ..          ..        ..            2 persons

51-100            ..          ..          ..          ..        ..            3 persons

101-150          ..          ..          ..          ..        ..            4 persons

Over 150         ..          ..         ..           ..        ..            2 persons for every

                                                                                   additional 20 passengers.

(b) The Director may direct the operator of any aircraft registered in Ghana to include among its crew whenever the aircraft is flying for the purpose of public transport at least one cabin crew although the aircraft may be carrying fewer than 20 passengers.

Regulation 16—Licences for Flight Crew.

(1) Subject to the provisions of this regulation, a person shall not act as a member of the flight crew of an aircraft registered in Ghana unless he is the holder of an appropriate licence granted or rendered valid under these Regulations:

Provided that a person may, within Ghana, act as a flight radiotelephony operator without being the holder of such a licence if—

(a) he does so as the pilot of a glider not flying for the purpose of public transport or aerial work, or as a person being trained in an aircraft registered in Ghana to perform duties as a member of the flight crew of an aircraft; and

(b) he is authorised to operate the radiotelephony station by the holder of the licence granted in respect of that station by the Director; and

(c) messages are transmitted only for the purposes of instruction, or of the safety or navigation of the aircraft; and

(d) messages are transmitted only on a frequency exceeding 60 megacycles per second assigned by the Director for use on flights on which a flight radiotelephony operator   acts in one of the capacities specified in paragraph (a) of this proviso; and

(e) the transmitter is pre-set to one or more of the frequencies so assigned and cannot be adjusted in flight to any other frequency; and

(f) the operation of the transmitter requires the use only of external switches; and

(g) the stability of the frequency radiated is maintained automatically by the transmitter.

(2) Subject to aforesaid, a person shall not act as a member of the flight crew required by or under these Regulations to be carried in an aircraft registered outside Ghana unless—

(a) in the case of an aircraft flying for the purpose of public transport or aerial work he is the holder of an appropriate licence granted or rendered valid under the law of the country in which the aircraft is registered; and

(b) in the case of any other aircraft, he is the holder of an appropriate licence granted or rendered valid under the law of the country in which the aircraft is registered or under these Regulations, and the Director does not in the particular case give a direction to the contrary.

(3) For the purposes of this regulation a licence granted under the law of the Contracting State purporting to authorise its holder to act as a member of the flight crew of an aircraft, not being a licence purporting to authorise him to act as a student pilot only, shall unless the Director in the particular case gives a direction to the contrary be deemed to be a licence rendered valid under these Regulations but shall not entitle the holder to act as a member of the flight crew of any aircraft flying for the purpose of public transport or aerial work.

(4) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of this regulation, a person may, unless the certificate of airworthiness in force in respect of the aircraft otherwise requires, act as pilot of an aircraft registered in Ghana for the purpose of undergoing training or tests—

(a) for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence or for the inclusion, renewal or extension of a rating thereon; or

(b) for admission into any of the naval, military or air forces of Ghana, without being the holder of appropriate licence, if the following conditions are complied with:

(i)  no other person shall be carried in the aircraft or in an aircraft being towed thereby except a person carried as a member of the flight crew in compliance with these Regulations, a person authorised by the Director to witness the aforesaid training or tests or to conduct the aforesaid tests, or, if the pilot in command of the aircraft is the holder of an appropriate licence, a person carried for the purpose of being trained or tested as a member of the flight crew of an aircraft; and

(ii)  the person acting as the pilot of the aircraft without being the holder of an appropriate licence shall not be the pilot in command of the aircraft unless within the period of six months immediately preceding he was serving as a qualified pilot of aircraft in any of the naval, military or air forces of Ghana and his physical condition has not, so far as he is aware, so deteriorated during that period as to render him unfit for the licence for which he intends to qualify.

(5) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of this regulation, a person may act as a member of the flight crew of an aircraft registered in Ghana without being the holder of an appropriate licence if, in so doing he is acting in the course of his duty, as a member of any of the naval, military or air forces of Ghana.

(6) An appropriate licence for the purposes of this regulation means a licence which entitles the holder to perform the functions which he undertakes in relation to the aircraft concerned and the flight on which it is engaged.

(7) This regulation shall not apply to a person by reason of his acting as a member of the flight crew of a glider which is not flying for the purpose of public transport or aerial work.

(8) Notwithstanding anything in this regulation—

(i) the holder of a licence granted or rendered valid under these Regulations, being a licence endorsed to the effect that the holder does not satisfy in full the relevant international standard, shall not act as a member of the flight crew of an aircraft registered in Ghana in or over the territory of a Contracting State other than Ghana, except in accordance with permission  granted by the competent authorities of that State;

(ii) the holder of a licence granted or rendered valid under the law of a Contracting State other than Ghana, being a licence endorsed as aforesaid, shall not act as a member of the flight crew of any aircraft in or over Ghana except in accordance with permission granted by the Director, whether or not the licence is or is deemed to be rendered valid under these Regulations.

Regulation 17—Grant and Renewal of Flight Crew Licences.

(1) The Director may grant licences, subject to such conditions as he thinks fit, of any of the following classes:

Student pilot's licence

Private pilot's licence (aeroplanes)

Commercial pilot's licence (aeroplanes)

Senior commercial pilot's licence (aeroplanes)

Airline transport pilot's licence (aeroplanes)

Commercial pilot's licence (helicopters and gyroplanes)

Airline transport pilot's licence (helicopters and gyroplanes).

Private pilot's licence (balloons and airships)

Commercial pilot's licence (balloons)

Commercial pilot's licence (airships)

Commercial pilot's licence (gliders)

Flight Navigator's licence

Flight engineer's licence

Flight radiotelephony operator's licence (general)

Flight radiotelephony operator's licence (restricted)

Flight radiotelephony operator's licence (temporary)

upon his being satisfied that the applicant is a fit and proper person to hold the licence and is qualified by reason of the applicant's knowledge, experience, competence, skill and physical fitness to act in the capacity to which the licence relates, and for that purpose the applicant shall give such evidence and undergo such examinations and tests (including in particular medical examinations) as the Director may require. A licence of any class shall not be granted to any person who is under the minimum age specified for that class of licence in Part A of Schedule 9.

(2) Subject to any conditions of the licence, a licence of any class shall entitle the holder to perform the functions specified in respect of that licence in Part A of Schedule 9 under the heading “privileges": 

Provided that—

(a)  subject to the provisions of paragraphs (10) and (11) of this regulation, regulation 16 (4) and regulation 20 (1), a person shall not be entitled to perform any of the functions specified in Part B of the said Schedule in respect of a rating unless his licence includes that rating;

(b) a person shall not be entitled to perform any of the functions to which his licence relates if he knows or has reason to believe that his physical condition renders him temporarily or permanently unfit to perform such function;

(c) the holder of a licence, other than a flight radiotelephony operator's license, shall not be entitled to perform any of the functions to which his licence relates unless it includes a medical certificate issued and in force under paragraph (7) of this regulation;

(d) the holder of a pilot’s licence shall not be entitled to perform functions on a flight unless the licence bears a valid certificate of test or a valid certificate of experience, which certificate shall in either case be appropriate to the functions he is to perform on that flight in accordance with Part C of the said schedule and shall otherwise comply with that Part;

(e)  a person shall not be entitled to perform the functions to which an instrument rating (aeroplanes), flying instructor's rating or assistant flying instructor's rating relates unless his licence bears a certificate, signed by a person authorised by the Director to sign such certificates, indicating that the holder of the licence has, within the period of thirteen months in the case of an instrument rating (aeroplanes) and an assistant flying instructor's rating, and twenty-five months in the case of a flying instructor's rating, preceding the day on which he performs those functions, passed a test of his ability to perform the functions to which the rating relates, being a test carried out in flight in the case of the two last-named ratings, and in the case of the first-named rating, either in flight or by means of apparatus approved by the Director in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground;

(f) a person who, on the last occasion when he took a test for the purposes of sub-paragraphs (d) or (e) of the paragraph, failed that test shall not be entitled to fly in the capacity for which that test would have qualified him had he passed it.

(3) The Director may, if he is satisfied that the applicant is qualified as aforesaid to act in the capacity to which the rating relates, include in a licence a rating of any of the classes specified in Part B of Schedule 9, and such rating shall be deemed to form part of the licence and shall entitle the holder to perform such functions as are specified in Part B of Schedule 9 in respect of that rating.

(4) A licence shall subject to the provisions of regulation 56, remain in force for the periods indicated in the licence, not exceeding those respectively specified in Schedule 9, and may be renewed by the Director upon his being satisfied that the applicant is a fit and proper person and is qualified as aforesaid.

(5) Upon receiving a licence granted under this regulation, the holder shall forthwith sign his name thereon in ink with his ordinary signature.

(6) Every applicant for and holder of a licence granted under this regulation other than a flight radiotelephony operator's licence shall whenever the Director may require submit himself to medical examination by a person approved by the Director either generally or in a particular case who shall make a report to the Director in such form as the Director may require.

(7) (a) Where the medical examination referred to in paragraph (6) of this regulation is conducted in Ghana, the Director or any person approved by him as competent to do so may, after receiving the report made by the person conducting the medical examination, issue a medical certificate subject to such conditions as he thinks fit to perform the functions to which the licence relates. The certificate shall, without prejudice to proviso (b) to paragraph (2) of this regulation, be valid for such period as is therein specified, and shall be deemed to form part of the licence.

(b) Where the medical examination is conducted outside Ghana the person conducting the examination shall, in addition to making a report to the Director in accordance with the preceding paragraph, issue a certificate certifying, if such is in his opinion the case, that the holder of the licence is fit to perform the functions to which the licence relates and the certificate shall, if countersigned by a person authorised by the Director in that behalf under regulation 78, be deemed to be a medical certificate for the purposes of this regulation, and shall be valid for such period as the person who countersigns may specify therein in writing.

(8) Every holder of a licence, other than a flight radiotelephony operator's licence, granted under this regulation or rendered valid under regulation 18, who suffers—

(a) any personal injury involving incapacity to undertake the functions to which his licence relates; or

(b) any illness involving incapacity to undertake those functions throughout a period of twenty days or more,

shall inform the Director in writing of such injury, or illness, as soon as possible in the case of an injury and as soon as the period of twenty days have elapsed in the case of illness.

(9)  A licence, other than a flight radiotelephony operator's licence, granted under this Part shall be deemed to be suspended upon the occurrence of such an injury, or the elapse of such period of illness as is referred to in paragraph (8) of this regulation. The suspension of the licence shall cease:

(a) upon the holder being medically examined under arrangements made by the Director and pronounced fit to resume his functions under the licence; or

(b) upon the Director exempting the holder from the requirement of a medical examination, subject to such conditions as the Director may think fit.

(10) A licence granted under this regulation shall be deemed to be suspended upon the pregnancy of the holder being diagnosed and shall remain suspended until the holder has been medically examined after the pregnancy has ended and pronounced fit to resume her duties under the licence.

(11) Nothing in these Regulations shall be taken to prohibit the holder of a commercial pilot's, senior commercial pilot's, or airline transport pilot's licence from acting as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers by night by reason of the lack of a night rating in his licence.

(12) Nothing in these Regulations shall prohibit the holder of a pilot’s licence from acting as pilot of an aircraft not exceeding 12,500 pounds maximum total weight authorised when with the authority of the Director he is testing any person in pursuance of regulation 17 (1) or (3), notwithstanding that the type of aircraft in which the test is conducted is not specified in the aircraft rating  included in his licence.

Regulation 18—Validation of Licences.

The Director may issue a certificate of validation rendering valid for the purpose of these Regulations any licence as a member of the flight crew of aircraft granted under the law of any country other than Ghana. A certificate of validation may be issued subject to such conditions and for such period as the Director thinks fit.

Regulation 19—Personal Flying Log Book.

Every member of the flight crew of an aircraft registered in Ghana and every person who engages in flying in order to qualify for the grant or renewal of a licence under these Regulations or to undergo tests or receive instruction in flying for admission into any of the Ghana naval, military or air forces shall keep a personal flying log book in which the following particulars shall be recorded:—

(a) the name and address of the holder of a log book;

(b) particulars of holder's licence (if any) to act as a member of the flight crew of an aircraft;

(c) the name and address of his employer (if any);

(d) particulars of all flights made as a member of the flight crew of aircraft, including—

(i) the date, time, duration and places of arrival and departure of each flight;

(ii) the type and registration marks of the aircraft;

(ii) the capacity in which the holder acted in flight;

(iv) particulars of any special conditions under which the flight was conducted, including night flying and instrument flying;

(v) particulars of any test or examination undertaken whilst in flight.

Regulation 20—Instruction in Flying.

(1) A person shall not give instruction in flying to any person flying or about to fly a flying machine for the purpose of becoming qualified for—

(a)  the grant of a pilot's licence; or

(b)  the inclusion in a pilot's licence of an aircraft rating entitling the holder of the licence to act as pilot of a multi-engined aircraft, or an aircraft of any class appearing in column 4 of the Table in Part A of Schedule 1, if the person under instruction has not been previously entitled under the Act, or qualified in any of the Armed Forces of Ghana, to act as pilot of a multi-engined aircraft, or of an aircraft of that class as the case may be; or

(c) the inclusion or variation of any rating, other than an aircraft rating, in a pilot's licence unless:

(i)  the person giving the instruction holds a licence, granted or rendered valid under these Regulations, entitling him to act as pilot in command of the aircraft for the purpose and in the circumstances under which instruction is to be given; and

(ii) such licence includes a flying instructor's rating or an assistant flying instructor's rating entitling the holder, in accordance with the privileges specified in Schedule 9 in respect of that rating, to give the instructions; and

(iii) if consideration is given for the instruction, such licence entitles the holder to act as pilot in command of an aircraft flying for the purpose of public transport:

Provided that sub-paragraph (iii) of this paragraph shall not apply if the aircraft is owned, or is operated under arrangements entered into, by a flying club of which both the person giving and the person receiving the instruction are members.

(2) For the purpose of this regulation payment shall be deemed to be made for instruction if any reward is given or promised by one person to another in consideration of the flight being made or of the instruction being given or if the instruction is given by a person employed for reward primarily for the purpose of giving such instruction.

Regulation 21—Glider Pilots.

A person under the age of eighteen years shall not act as pilot in command of a glider.

PART V—OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT

Regulation 22—Operations Manual.

(1) This regulation shall apply to public transport aircraft registered in Ghana except aircraft used for the time being solely for flights not intended to exceed sixty minutes in duration, which are either—

(a) flights solely for training persons to perform duties in an aircraft, or

(b) flights intended to begin and end at the same aerodrome.

(2) (a) The operator of every aircraft to which this regulation applies shall—

(i) make available to each member of his operating staff an operations manual, and

(ii) ensure that each copy of the operations manual is kept up to date, and

(iii) ensure that on each flight every member of the crew has access to a copy of every part of the operations manual which is relevant to his duties on the flight.

(b) Each operations manual shall contain all such information and instructions as may be necessary to enable the operating staff to perform their duties including in particular, information and instructions relating to the matters specified in Part A of Schedule 10:

Provided that the operations manual shall not be required to contain any information or instructions available in a flight manual accessible to the persons by whom the information or instructions may be required.

(3) The operator of the aircraft shall, if the Director so requires, give him a copy of the whole of the operations manual for the time being in force, or of such parts thereof as the Director may specify. The operator shall make such amendments or additions to the operations manual as the Director may require to ensure the safety of the aircraft or of persons or property carried therein or the safety, efficiency or regularity of air navigation.

(4) For the purposes of this regulation and Schedule 10, “operating staff” means the servants and agents employed, by the operator, whether or not as members of the aircraft crew, to ensure that flights are conducted in a safe manner, and includes an operator who himself performs these functions.

(5) If in the course of a flight on which the equipment specified in Scale O in paragraph 5 of Schedule 5 is required to be provided the said equipment becomes unserviceable, the aircraft shall be operated on the remainder of that flight in accordance with any relevant instructions in the operations manual.

Regulation 23—Public Transport Operator’s Responsiblities.

(1) The operator of an aircraft registered in Ghana shall not permit the aircraft to fly for the purpose of public transport without  first—

(a)  designating from among the flight crew a pilot to be the commander of the aircraft for the flight; and

(b)  satisfying himself by every reasonable means that the aeronautical radio stations and navigational aids serving the intended route or any planned diversion therefrom are adequate for the safe navigation of the aircraft; and

(c)  satisfying himself by every reasonable means that the aerodromes at which it is intended to take-off or land and any alternate aerodrome at which a landing may be made are suitable for the purpose and in particular are adequately manned and equipped (including such manning and equipment as may be prescribed) to ensure the safety of the aircraft and its passengers:

Provided that the operator of the aircraft shall not be required to satisfy himself as to the adequacy of fire-fighting, search, rescue or other services which are required only after the occurrence of an accident.

(2) The operator of an aircraft registered in Ghana shall not permit any person to be a member of its crew during any flight for the purpose of public transport (except a flight for the sole purpose of training persons to perform duties in aircraft) unless such person has had the training, experience, practice and periodical tests specified in Part B of Schedule 10 in respect of the duties which he is to perform and unless the operator has satisfied himself that such person is competent to perform his duties, and in particular to use the equipment provided in the aircraft for that purpose. The operator shall maintain, preserve, produce and give information respecting records relating to the foregoing matters in accordance with Part B of Schedule 10.

Regulation 24—Loading Public Transport Aircraft and Suspended Loads.

(1) The operator of an aircraft registered in Ghana shall not cause or permit it to be loaded for a flight for the purpose of public transport or any load to be suspended therefrom except under the supervision of a person whom he has caused to be given written instructions as to the distribution and securing of the load so as to ensure that—

(a) the load may safely be carried on the flight, and

(b) any conditions subject to which the certificate of airworthiness in force in respect of the aircraft was issued or rendered valid, being conditions relating to the loading of the aircraft, are complied with.

(2) The instructions shall indicate the weight of the aircraft prepared for service, that is to say the aggregate of the basic weight (shown in the weight schedule referred to in regulation 13) and the weight of such additional items in or on the aircraft as the operator thinks fit to include; and the instructions shall indicate the additional items included in the weight of the aircraft prepared for service, and shall show the position of the centre of gravity of the aircraft at that weight:

Provided that this paragraph shall not apply in relation to a flight if—

(a) the aircraft's maximum total weight authorised does not exceed 2,500 pounds, or

(b) the aircraft's maximum total weight authorised does not exceed 6,000 pounds and the flight is intended not to exceed 60 minutes in duration and is either—

(i) a flight solely for training persons to perform duties in an aircraft, or

(ii) a flight intended to begin and end at the same aerodrome.

(3) The operator of an aircraft shall not cause or permit it to be loaded in contravention of the instructions referred to in paragraph (1) of this regulation.

(4) The person supervising the loading of the aircraft shall, before the commencement of any such flight, prepare and sign a load sheet in duplicate conforming to the prescribed requirements, and shall (unless he is himself the commander of the aircraft), submit the load sheet for examination of the commander of the aircraft who shall sign his name thereon:

Provided that the foregoing requirements of this paragraph shall not apply if—

(a)  the load and the distributing and securing thereof upon the next intended flight are to be unchanged from the previous flight and the commander of the aircraft makes and signs an endorsement to that effect upon the load sheet for the previous flight, indicating the date of the endorsement, the place of departure upon the next intended flight and the next intended place of destination; or

(b)   paragraph (2) of this regulation does not apply in relation to the flight.

(5) One copy of the load sheet shall be carried in the aircraft when regulation 53 so requires until the flights to which it relates have been completed and one copy of that load sheet and of the instructions referred to in this regulation shall be preserved by the operator for six months thereafter and shall not be carried in the aircraft.

Regulation 25—Public Transport Operating Conditions.

(1) An aircraft registered in Ghana shall not fly for the purpose of public transport, except for the sole purpose of training persons to perform duties in aircraft, unless such requirements as may be prescribed in respect of its weight and related performance are complied with.

(2) The assessment of the ability of an aircraft to comply with paragraph (1) of this regulation shall be based on the information as to its performance contained in the certificate of airworthiness relating to the aircraft. In the event of the information given therein being insufficient for that purpose such assessment shall be based on the best information available to the commander of the aircraft.

(3) Such requirements as may be prescribed in respect of the weather conditions required for take-off, approach to landing and landing shall be complied with in respect of every aircraft to which regulation 22 applies.

(4) A flying machine registered in Ghana, when flying over water for the purpose of public transport shall fly, except as may be necessary for the purpose of take-off or landing, at such an altitude as would enable the aircraft—

(a) if it has one engine only, in the event of the failure of that engine,

(b) if it has more than one engine, in the event of the failure of one of those engines and with the remaining engine or engines operating within the maximum continuous power conditions specified in the certificate of airworthiness relating to the aircraft,

to reach a place at which it can safely land at a height sufficient to enable it to do so.

(5) Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph (4) of this regulation, an aeroplane in respect of which there is in force under these Regulations a certificate of airworthiness designating the aeroplane as being of performance group X shall not fly over water for the purpose of public transport so as to be more than 60 minutes flying time from the nearest shore, unless the aeroplane has more than two power units. For the purposes of this paragraph, flying time shall be calculated at normal cruising speed with one power unit inoperative.

Regulation 26—Aircraft not Registered in Ghana Weather Conditions.

(1) An aircraft registered in a country other than Ghana shall not fly for the purpose of  public transport unless its operator has given the Director such particulars as he may require relating to the weather conditions specified by the operator in relation to aerodromes in Ghana for the purpose of limiting their use by the aircraft for take-off or landing, including any instructions given by the operator in relation to such weather conditions.

(2) The aircraft shall not begin or end a flight at an aerodrome in Ghana in weather conditions less favourable than those so specified in relation to that aerodrome, or in contravention of the instructions referred to in paragraph (1) of this regulation.

Regulation 27—Pre-flight Action by Commander of Aircraft.

The commander of an aircraft registered in Ghana shall satisfy himself before the aircraft takes off—

(a) that the flight can safely be made, taking into account the latest information available as to the route and aerodromes to be used, the weather reports and forecasts available, and any alternative course of action which can be adopted in case the flight cannot be completed as planned;

(b) that the equipment (including radio apparatus) required by or under these Regulations to be carried in the circumstances of the intended flight is carried and is in a fit condition for use;

(c) that the aircraft is in every way fit for the intended flight, and that where certificates of maintenance are required by regulation 7 (1) to be in force, they are in force and will not cease to be in force during the intended flight;

(d) that the load carried by the aircraft is of such weight, and is so distributed and secured, that it may safely be carried on the intended flight;

(e) in the case of a flying machine or airship, that sufficient fuel, oil and engine coolant (if required) are carried for the intended flight, and that a safe margin has been allowed for contingencies, and, in the case of a flight for the purpose of public transport, that the instructions in the operations manual relating to fuel, oil and engine coolant have, been complied with;

(f)  in the case of an airship or balloon that sufficient ballast is carried for the intended flight;

(g) in the case of a flying machine, that, having regard to the performance of the flying machine in the conditions to be expected on the intended flight, and to any obstructions at the places of departure and intended destination and on the intended route it is capable of safely taking off, reaching and maintaining a safe height thereafter, and making a safe landing at the place of intended destination;

(h) that any pre-flight check system established by the operator and set forth in the operations manual or elsewhere has been complied with by each member of the crew of the aircraft.

Regulation 28—Pilots to Remain at Controls.

(i)  The commander of an aircraft registered in Ghana, being a flying machine or a glider, shall cause one pilot to remain at the controls at all times while the aircraft is in flight.

(ii) If the aircraft is required by or under these Regulations to carry two pilots, the commander shall cause both pilots to remain at the controls during take-off and landing.

(iii) Each pilot at the controls shall be secured in his seat by either a safety belt or a safety harness except that during take-off and landing a safety harness shall be used if it is required by regulation 10 to be provided.

Regulation 29—Public Transport of Passengers Duties of Commander.

In relation to every flight for the purpose of the public transport of passengers by aircraft registered in Ghana,  the commander of  the aircraft shall—

(a) before the aircraft takes off, take all reasonable steps to ensure that all passengers are made familiar with the position and method of use of emergency exists, safety belts, safety harnesses, oxygen equipment and lifejackets, and all other devices required by or under these Regulations and intended for use by passengers individually in case of emergency;

(b) if the aircraft is not a seaplane but is intended in the course of the flight to reach a point more than 30 minutes flying time (while flying in still air at the speed specified in the relevant certificate of airworthiness as the speed for compliance with regulations governing flights over water) from the nearest land, take all reasonable steps to ensure that before that point is reached, all passengers are given a practical demonstration of the method of use of the lifejackets required by or under these Regulations for the use of passengers;

(c) if the aircraft is a seaplane, take all reasonable steps to ensure that before the aircraft takes off all passengers are given a practical demonstration of the method of use of the lifejackets required by or under these Regulations for the use of passengers;

(d) before  the aircraft takes off, and before it lands, take all reasonable steps to ensure that its crew are properly secured in their seats and that any cabin crew carried in compliance with regulation 15 (7) are properly secured in seats which shall be in a passenger compartment and which shall be so situated that they can readily assist passengers;

(e) before the aircraft takes off, and before it lands, and whenever by reason of turbulent air or any emergency during flight he considers the precaution necessary, take all reasonable steps to ensure that all passengers are properly secured in their seats by safely belts or safety harnesses;

(f) in any emergency, take all reasonable steps to ensure that all passengers are instructed in the emergency action which they should take;

(g) except in a case where a pressure greater than 700 millibars is maintained in all passenger and crew compartments throughout the flight, take all reasonable steps to ensure that—

(i) before the aircraft reaches flight level 130 the method of use of the oxygen provided in the aircraft in compliance with the requirements of regulation 10 is demonstrated to all passengers;

(ii) on reaching such altitude all passengers are recommended to use oxygen;

(iii) during any continuous period exceeding 30 minutes when the aircraft is flying above flight level 100 but not above flight level 130, and whenever the aircraft is flying above flight level 130, oxygen is used by all the crew of the aircraft.

Regulation 30—Operation of Radio in Aircraft.

(1) The radio station in an aircraft shall not be operated, whether or not the aircraft is in flight, except in accordance with the conditions of the licence issued in respect of that station under the law of the country in which the aircraft is registered, and by a person duly licensed or otherwise permitted to operate the radio station under that law.

(2) Whenever an aircraft is in flight in such circumstances that it is required by or under these Regulations to be equipped with radio communication apparatus, a continuous radio watch shall be maintained by a member of the flight crew listening to the signals transmitted upon the frequency notified, or designated by a message received from an appropriate aeronautical radio station for use by that aircraft:

Provided that

(a) the radio watch may be discontinued or continued on another frequency to the extent that a message as aforesaid so permits; and

(b) the watch may be kept by a device installed in the aircraft if—

(i) the appropriate aeronautical radio station has been informed to that effect and has raised no objection; and

(ii) that station is notified, or in the case of a station situated in a country other than Ghana, otherwise designated as transmitting a signal suitable for that purpose.

(3) The radio station in an aircraft shall not be operated so as to cause interference which impairs the efficiency of aeronautical telecommunications or navigational services, and in particular emissions shall not be made except as follows:—

(a) emissions of the class and frequency for the time being in use, in accordance with general international aeronautical practice, in the air-space in which the aircraft is flying;

(b) distress, urgency and safety messages and signals, in accordance with general international aeronautical practice;

(c) messages and signals relating to the Fight of the aircraft, in accordance with general international aeronautical practice;

(d) such public correspondence messages as may be permitted by or under the aircraft radio station licence referred to in paragraph (1) of this regulation.

(4) In every aircraft registered in Ghana which is equipped with radio communication apparatus a telecommunication log book shall be kept in which the following entries shall be made:—

(a) the identification of the aircraft radio station;

(b) the date and time of the beginning and end of every radio watch maintained in the aircraft and of the frequency on which it was maintained;

(c) the date and time, and particulars of all messages and signals sent or received, including in particular details of any distress traffic sent or received;

(d) particulars of any action taken upon the receipt of a distress signal or message;

(e) particulars of any failure or interruption of radio communications and the cause thereof:

Provided that a telecommunication log book shall not be required to be kept in respect of communication by radiotelephony with a radio station on land or on a ship which provides a radio service for aircraft.

(5) The flight radio operator maintaining radio watch shall sign the entries in the telecommunication log book indicating the times at which he began and ended the watch.

(6) The telecommunication log book shall be preserved by the operator of the aircraft for six months after the date of the last entry therein.

(7) In any flying machine registered in Ghana which is engaged on a flight for the purpose of public transport, the pilot and the flight engineer (if any) shall not make use of a hand-held microphone (whether for the purpose of radio communication or of intercommunication within the aircraft) whilst the aircraft is flying in controlled airspace at an altitude less than 15,000 feet above mean sea  level or is taking off or landing.

Regulation 31—Use of Flight Recorders and Preservation of Records.

(1) On any flight on which a flight recorder is required by or under these Regulations to be carried in an aeroplane, it shall always be in use from the beginning of the take-off run until the end of the landing run.

(2) The operator of the aircraft shall, subject to the provisions of regulation 55, preserve the record made by the flight recorder, together with means of identifying the record with the flight to which it relates, for a period of 30 days after the end of the flight or such longer period as the Director may in a particular case direct.

Regulation 32—Towing of Gliders.

(1) An aircraft in flight shall not tow a glider unless the certificate of airworthiness issued or rendered valid in respect of the towing  aircraft under the law of the country in which that aircraft is registered includes an express provision that it may be used for that purpose.

(2) The length of the combination of towing aircraft, tow rope and glider in flight shall not exceed 500 feet.

(3) The commander of an aircraft which is about to tow a glider shall satisfy himself, before the towing aircraft takes off—

(a) that the tow rope is in good condition and is of adequate strength for the purpose, and that the combination of towing aircraft and glider is capable of flying in the manner referred to in regulation 27 (g);

(b) that signals have been agreed and communication established with persons suitably stationed so as to enable the glider to take off safely;

(c) that emergency signals have been agreed between the commander of the towing aircraft and the commander of the glider, to be used, respectively, by the commander of the towing aircraft to indicate that the  tow should immediately be released by the glider, and by the commander of the glider to indicate that the tow cannot be released.

(4) The glider shall be attached to the towing aircraft by means of the tow rope before the aircraft takes off.

Regulation 33—Towing, Picking up and Raising of Persons and Articles.

(1) Subject to the provisions of this regulation, an aircraft in flight shall not, by means external to the aircraft, tow any article, other than a glider, or pick up or raise any person, animal or article, unless the certificate of airworthiness issued or rendered valid in respect of  that aircraft under the law of the country in which the  aircraft is registered includes an express provision that it may be used for that purpose.

(2) An aircraft in flight shall not tow any article, other than a glider, at night or when flight visibility is less than one mile.

(3) The length of the combination of towing aircraft, tow rope, and article in tow, shall not exceed 500 feet.

(4) A helicopter shall not fly at any height over a congested area of a city, town or settlement at any time when an article, person or animal is suspended from the helicopter.

(5) Nothing in this regulation shall—

(a) prohibit the towing in reasonable manner by an aircraft in flight of any radio aerial, any instrument which is being used for experimental purposes, or any signal, apparatus or article required or permitted by or under these Regulations to be towed or displayed by an aircraft in flight;

(b) prohibit the picking up or raising of any person, animal or article in an emergency or for the purpose of saving life;

(c) apply to any aircraft while it is flying in accordance with the “B Conditions” set forth in Schedule 2;

(d) be taken to permit the towing or picking up of a glider otherwise than in accordance with regulation 32.

Regulation 34—Dropping of Persons and Articles.

(1) Articles and animals (whether or not attached to a parachute) shall not be dropped, or permitted to drop, from an aircraft in flight so as to endanger persons or property.

(2) Articles, animals and persons (whether or not attached to a parachute shall not be dropped or permitted to drop, to the surface from an aircraft flying over Ghana:

Provided that this paragraph shall not apply to the descent of persons by parachute from an aircraft in an emergency, or to the dropping of articles by, or with the authority of, the  commander of the aircraft in the following circumstances:—

(a) the dropping of articles for the purpose of saving life;

(b) the jettisoning, in case of emergency, of fuel or other articles in the aircraft;

(c) the dropping of ballast in the form of fine sand or water;

(d) the dropping of articles solely for the purpose of navigating the aircraft in accordance with ordinary practice or with the provisions of these Regulations,

(e) the dropping at an aerodrome in accordance with prescribed regulations of ropes, banners or similar articles towed by aircraft.

(3) For the purposes of this regulation dropping includes projecting and lowering.

(4) Nothing in this regulation shall prohibit the lowering of any person, animal or article from a helicopter to the surface, if the certificate of airworthiness issued or rendered valid in respect of the helicopter under the law of the country in which it is registered includes an express provision that it may be used for that purpose.

Regulation 35—Carriage of Ammunitions of War.

(1) An aircraft shall not carry any ammunitions of war.

(2) It shall be unlawful for any person to take or cause to be taken on board an aircraft, or to deliver or cause to be delivered for carriage thereon, any goods which he knows or has reason to believe or suspect to be ammunitions of war.

(3) For the purposes of this regulation "ammunitions of war" means such weapons and ammunition or parts thereof as are designed for use in warfare.

Regulation 36—Carriage of Dangerous Goods.

(1) Dangerous goods shall not be carried in an aircraft except as follows:

(a) goods carried in accordance with any regulations which the Director may make to permit dangerous goods to be carried either in aircraft generally or in aircraft of any class specified in the regulations;

(b)  goods, carried with the written permissions of the Director and in accordance with any conditions to which such permission may be subject;

(c) goods carried in aircraft with the consent of its operator to ensure its proper navigation or safety or the well-being of any person on board;

(d) goods permitted to be carried under the laws of the country in which the aircraft is registered, if there is in force in relation to such country an agreement between the Ghana Government and the Government of that country permitting the carriage of dangerous goods within Ghana in aircraft registered in that country.

(2) Dangerous goods permitted by or under these Regulations to be carried in an aircraft shall not be loaded as cargo therein unless:—

(a) the consignor of the goods has given the operator of the aircraft written particulars of the nature of the goods and the danger to which they give rise, and

(b) the goods or any container in which they are packed are clearly marked so as to indicate that danger to the person loading the goods in the aircraft.

The operator of the aircraft shall, before the flight begins, inform the commander of the aircraft of the identity of the goods, the danger to which they give rise and the weight or quantity of the goods.

(3) It shall be unlawful for any person to take or cause to be taken on board an aircraft, or to deliver or cause to be delivered for loading thereon, any goods which he knows or has reason to believe or suspect to be dangerous goods whose carriage is prohibited by this regulation.

(4) The provisions of this regulation shall be additional to and not in derogation from the provisions of regulation 35.

Regulation 37—Carriage of Persons.

A person shall not be in or on any part of an aircraft in flight which is not a part designed for the accommodation of person and in particular a person shall not be on the wings or undercarriage of an aircraft. A person shall not be in or on any object, other than a glider or flying machine, towed by or attached to an aircraft in flight:

Provided that a person may have temporary access to—

(a) any part of an aircraft for the purpose of taking action necessary for the safety of the aircraft or of any person, animal or goods therein;

(b) any part of an aircraft in which cargo or stores are carried, being a part which is designed to enable a person to have access thereto while the aircraft is in flight.

Regulation 38—Exits and Break-in Markings.

(1) This regulation shall apply to every public transport aircraft registered in Ghana.

(2) Whenever an aircraft to which this regulation applies is carrying passengers, every exit therefrom and every internal door in the aircraft shall, during take-off and landing and during any emergency, be kept free of obstruction and shall not be fastened by locking or otherwise so as to prevent, hinder or delay its use by passengers:

Provided that an exit may be obstructed by cargo if it is an exit which, in accordance with arrangements approved by the Director, either generally or in relation to a class of aircraft or a particular aircraft, is not required for use by passengers and a door between the flight crew compartment and any adjacent compartment to which passengers have access may be locked or bolted if the commander of the aircraft so determines, to prevent access by passengers to the flight crew compartment.

(3) Every exit from the aircraft, being an exit intended to be used by passengers in normal circumstances, shall be marked with the word “EXIT” in capital letters and every exit, being an exit intended to be used by passengers in an emergency only, shall be marked with words “EMERGENCY EXIT” in capital letters.

(4) (a) Every exit from the aircraft shall be marked with instructions in English and with diagrams, to indicate the correct method of opening the exit.

(b) The markings shall be placed on or near the inside surface of the door or other closure of the exit and, if it is openable from the outside of the aircraft, or near the exterior surface.

(5) (a) Every aircraft to which this regulation applies, being an aircraft of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 8,000 lb., shall be marked upon the exterior surface of its fuselage with markings to show the areas (in this paragraph referred to as “break-in areas”) which can, for purposes of rescue in an emergency, be most readily and effectively broken into by persons outside the aircraft.

(b) The break-in areas shall be rectangular in shape and shall be marked by right-angle corner markings, each arm of which shall be 4 inches in length along its outer edge and 1 inch in width.

(c) The words "Cut Here in Emergency" shall be marked across the centre of each break-in area in capital letters.

(6) The markings required by this regulation shall—

(a) be painted, or affixed by other equally permanent means;

(b) be red in colour and, in any case in which the colour of the adjacent background is such as to render red markings not readily visible, be outline in white or some other contrasting colour in such a manner as to render them readily visible;

(c) be kept at all times clean and unobscured.

Regulation 39—Imperilling Safety of Aircraft.

No person shall commit any act likely to imperil the safety of an aircraft, whether by interference with any member of its personnel, or by tampering with the aircraft or its equipment, or by disorderly conduct or by any other means.

Regulation 40—Imperilling Safety of any Person or Property.

A person shall not while in any aircraft in flight wilfully negligently act in a manner likely to endanger any person or property.

Regulation 41—Drunkenness in Aircraft.

(1) A person shall not enter any aircraft when drunk, or be drunk in any aircraft.

(2) A person shall not, when acting as a member of the crew of any aircraft or being carried in any aircraft for the  purpose of so acting, be under the influence of alcohol or a drug.

Regulation 42—Smoking in Aircraft.

(1) Notices indicating when smoking is prohibited shall be exhibited in every aircraft registered in Ghana so as to be visible from each passenger seat therein.

(2) A person shall not smoke in any compartment of an aircraft registered in Ghana at a time when smoking is prohibited in that compartment by a notice to that effect exhibited by or on behalf of the commander of the aircraft.

Regulation 43—Authority of Commander of Aircraft.

Every person in an aircraft registered in Ghana shall obey all lawful commands which the commander of that aircraft may give to secure the safety of the aircraft and of persons or property carried therein, or the safety, efficiency or regularity of air navigation.

Regulation 44—Stowaways.

A person shall not secrete himself for the purpose of being carried in an aircraft without the consent of either its operator or its commander or of any other person entitled to give consent to his being carried in the aircraft.

PART VI—FATIGUE OF FLIGHT CREW

Regulation 45—Application and Interpretation.

(1) Regulations 46 to 50 apply in relation to an aircraft if, but only if, it is an aircraft registered in Ghana which is either engaged on a flight for the purpose of public transport, or operated by an air transport undertaking:

Provided that the said regulations shall not apply in relation to a flight made only for the purpose of instruction in flying given by or on behalf of a flying club or a flying school, or a person who is not an air transport undertaking.

(2) In this Part, the following expressions shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the following meanings:—

(a) “flight time” in relation to any person means all times spent by that person in an aircraft (other than an aircraft of which the maximum total weight authorised does not exceed 3,500 lb. and which is not flying for the purpose of public transport or aerial work) while it is in flight and he is carried therein as a member of its flight crew;

(b) “duty period” in relation to any person who flies in an aircraft as a member of its flight crew, means any continuous period throughout which he is, under the provisions of paragraph (3) or (4) of this regulation, to be treated as being on duty:

Provided that where two or more periods which would, but for this proviso, be separate duty periods are separated by an interval of less than 10 hours, the period starting when the first of those duty periods began and finishing when the last of them ended shall, be treated as constituting a single continuous duty period:

(c) “rest period” in relation to any person, means any continuous period no part of which forms part of a duty period of that person;

(d) “day” means a continuous period of 24 hours beginning at midnight Greenwich meantime.

(3) For the purposes of this Part, a person who is employed under a contract of service to fly in an aircraft as a member of its flight crew shall be treated as being on duty at any time when in the course of the employment he flies in any aircraft (whether as a member of its crew or as a passenger and whether or not the aircraft is such an aircraft as is referred to in paragraph (1) of this regulation) or he is otherwise acting in the course of that employment:

Provided that when he is not flying in an aircraft—

(a) he shall not be treated as being on duty during any period which he is a lowed for rest;

(b) he shall not be treated as being on duty at any time by reason of his being required at that time to be available at a particular place to report for duty if required to do so if—

(i) that place is at an aerodrome, or

(ii) that place, not being at an aerodrome, is a place at which his employer requires persons similarly employed to be available as aforesaid and adequate facilities for rest are not available for his use while he is required to be so available.

(4) For the purposes of this Part, a person who flies in an aircraft as a member of its flight crew otherwise than in the course of his employment under a contract of service to fly as aforesaid, shall be treated as being on duty at any time when, in connection with any business of operating aircraft, he flies in any aircraft (whether as a member of its crew or as a passenger and whether or not the aircraft is such an aircraft as is referred to in paragraph (1) of this regulation) or does any work.

(5) For the purposes of this Part, references to a person flying in an aircraft as a member of its flight crew include references to the operator of the aircraft who himself flies in the aircraft in any such capacity and references to the work and other duties which a person is required or permitted by an operator to carry out shall in any such case be construed as references to any work carried out by that operator in connection with the management of aircraft or with any business which includes the flying of aircraft.

Regulation 46—Duties of Operators to Prevent Excessive Fatigue

It shall be the duty of every operator of an aircraft to which this regulation applies to ensure, as respects each person flying as a member of the flight crew of that aircraft, that the periods during which that person is required or permitted by that operator to carry out any work or other duties are so limited in length and frequency, and that he is afforded such periods for rest that his said work and duties are not likely to cause him such fatigue while he is flying in the aircraft as may endanger its safety.

Regulation 47—Limits on Flight Times, Flying Duty periods and Rest periods.

(1) Without prejudice to the provisions of regulation 46, and to secure compliance with those provisions, every operator of an aircraft to which this regulation applies shall establish for every person flying in that aircraft as a member of its flight crew—

(a) limits on the aggregate of all his flight times during every period of 28 consecutive days,

(b)  limits on his flying duty periods, and

(c)  minimum rest periods which he is to have immediately before any duty period in the course of which he makes any such flight as aforesaid, being limits and minimum rest periods which the operator is satisfied after taking into account the matters mentioned in paragraph (2) of this regulation, are such that, if every member of the flight crew observes those limits and has those minimum rest periods, the safety of the aircraft on any flight is not likely to be endangered by reason of any fatigue which may be caused by the work or other duties which the members of the flight crew are required or permitted by that operator to carry out. Different limits and different minimum rest periods may be established either for different persons or for different classes of persons and for different circumstances.

(2) The matters which an operator shall take into account in establishing under paragraph (1) of this regulation limits and minimum rest periods as therein mentioned for the persons therein mentioned are the nature of the work and other duties which those persons will carry out and all circumstances arising out of the carrying out of that work and those duties which may effect the degree of fatigue from which those persons may suffer while they are making a flight in an aircraft to which this regulation applies in any capacity mentioned in paragraph (1) including, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing—

(a) the type of aircraft in which the flight will be made;

(b) the area in which the flight will be made;

(c) the number of landings which will be made during the course of each flying duty period;

(d) the amount of night flying during each flying duty period;

(e) the number of consecutive occasions on which each member of the flight crew will be required to fly for the maximum period permitted under this Part.

(3) No limits or minimum rest periods may be established under paragraph (1) of this regulation which would require or permit any person to fly in any of the provisions of regulations 48, 49 and 51, or would require or permit any person to fly in any aircraft as a member of its flight crew within the period of one hour immediately preceding the end of the specified time referred to in regulation 48 (2), or, when the specified time is 24 hours, within the period of two hours immediately preceding the end of the specified time.

(4) An operator of an aircraft to which this regulation applies shall not permit that aircraft to make a flight unless limits and minimum rest periods have been established in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this regulation so as to apply to every member of its flight crew.

(5) Every operator of an aircraft to which this regulation applies shall take all reasonably practicable steps to secure that all limits for the time being established by that operator in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this regulation are observed and that no persons for whom minimum rest periods are for the time being so established makes any flight in an aircraft to which this regulation applies unless, immediately before the duty period in the course of which he makes the flight, he has had the appropriate rest period so established.

(6) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this regulation, an operator of an aircraft to which this regulation applies may confer upon the commander of that aircraft a discretion to make, or authorise any person to make a flight in that aircraft in such circumstances that the commander or, as the case may be, that other person will not observe the limits or will not have had the minimum rest period established by that operator under the foregoing provisions of this regulation and applicable to the commander or  that other person:

Provided that the said discretion shall not be exercisable unless the following conditions are fulfilled:—

(a) that it appears to the commander—

(i) that arrangements had been made for the flight to be made with such a crew and so as to begin and end at such times that if the flight had been made in accordance with those arrangements each member of the crew would have observed the limits and have had the minimum rest periods established by the operator and applicable to them as aforesaid, and that since those arrangements were made the flight has been or will be prevented from being made in accordance with those arrangements by reason of exceptional circumstances or circumstances which were not foreseen as likely to prevent that flight from being so made; or

(ii) that the flight is one which ought to be carried out in the interests of the safety or health of any person, and

(b) that the commander is satisfied that the safety of the aircraft on that flight will not be endangered if he or that other person makes the flight.

(7) Every operator of an aircraft to which this regulation applies shall include in every operations manual to be provided under regulation 22 for the use and guidance of the members of the flight crew of that aircraft, or, in any case where no such manual is required to be provided by that regulation, in a document which shall be provided for the use and guidance of those members, full particulars of all limits and minimum rest periods for the time being established under the foregoing provisions of this regulation which may effect any of those members, and of any discretion conferred upon the commander of that aircraft under paragraph (6) of this regulation and (without prejudice to the provisions of regulation 22) every such operator shall, whenever requested to do so by a person authorised in that behalf by the Director, give that person a copy of all particulars from time to time included in any such operations manual or documents in accordance with the requirements of this paragraph.

(8) In this regulation the expression “flying duty period”, in relation to any person, means the time, reckoned from the beginning of each duty period of that person, in the course of which he is permitted to make any flight to which this regulation applies and after expiration of which he is not in the course of the same duty period, to make any such flight.

Regulation 48—Maximum Flying Duty Periods.

(1) Without prejudice to the provisions of regulation 46, a person shall not fly in an aircraft to which this regulation applies as a member of its flight crew in the course of any duty period of that person after more than the specified time has elapsed since the beginning of that duty period.

(2) In this regulation the expression "the specified time" means—

(a) in relation to a pilot whenever sub-paragraph (b) does not apply, 11 hours:

Provided that if, during the duty period, there has been a period of not less than five continuous hours throughout which that person has not flown in any aircraft to which this regulation applies or performed any duties, the foregoing provisions of this sub-paragraph shall have effect as if 13 hours were substituted therein for 11 hours;

(b) in relation to a person who, at all times when he flies as a pilot in the course of his duty period, is one of two or more persons carried as pilots of the aircraft, 16 hours:

Provided that the foregoing provisions of this sub-paragraph shall have effect as if 24 hours were substituted therein for 16 hours if that person is one of three or more persons carried as pilots of the aircraft and the following conditions are fulfilled:

(i) at least two of the pilots are qualified to act as commander of the aircraft in the circumstances both by their respective licences and in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 1 (5) (M) (i) and (ii) of Part B of Schedule 10 (except in respect of their knowledge of the aerodromes of take-off and landing and any alternate aerodromes);

(ii) at least one of the pilots is carried in addition to those members of the flight crew who are required to be carried in the circumstances by or under these Regulations;

(iii) one suitable bunk is always available for the use only of pilots; and

(iv) each of the pilots has, during the duty period, been afforded opportunities of resting for a reasonable time;

(c) in relation to a flight engineer, 16 hours:

Provided that the foregoing provisions of this sub-paragraph shall have effect as if 24 hours were substituted therein for 16 hours in relation to a person who, at all times when he flies as a flight engineer in the course of his duty period, is one of two or more persons carried as flight engineers of the aircraft, if the following conditions are fulfilled:

(i) at least one of the flight engineers is carried in addition to the members of the flight crew who are required to be carried in the circumstances by or under these Regulations;

(ii) one suitable bunk is always available for the use only of flight engineers;

(iii) each of the flight engineers has, during the duty period, been afforded opportunities of resting for a reasonable time;

(d) in relation to a flight navigator and a flight radio operator, 16 hours:

Provided that the foregoing provisions of this sub-paragraph shall have effect—

(i) as if 20 hours were substituted therein for 16 hours if one suitable bunk is always available for the use only of flight navigators or flight radio operators as the case may be; and

(ii) subject to the proviso to sub-paragraph (c), which shall apply to flight navigators and to flight radio operators as it applies to flight engineers.

Regulation 49—Minimum Rest Periods.

Without prejudice to the provisions of regulation 46 a person shall not fly in an aircraft to which this regulation applies as a member of its flight crew unless immediately before the duty period in the course of which he makes that flight he had a sufficient rest period, that is to say, a rest period of not less than the minimum length specified in the first column of Table A in this regulation and therein set opposite to the length specified in the second column of that table which corresponds to the length of the duty period of that person which immediately precedes that rest period.

TABLE A

Minimum length

of sufficient                                              Length of immediately

rest period                                                preceding duty period

10 hours         ..          ..          ..          ..    Not exceeding 10 hours

11 hours         ..          ..          ..          ..    Exceeding 10 but not exceeding 11 hours

12 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 11 but not exceeding 12 hours 13 hours   

13 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 12 but not exceeding 13 hours 14 hours

14 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 13 but not exceeding 14 hours 15 hours

15 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 14 but not exceeding 15 hours 16 hours

16 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 15 but not exceeding 16 hours 18 hours

18 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 16 but not exceeding 17 hours 20 hours

20 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 17 but not exceeding 18 hours 22 hours

22 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 18 but not exceeding 19 hours 24 hours

24 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 19 but not exceeding 20 hours 26 hours

26 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 20 but not exceeding 21 hours 28 hours

28 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 21 but not exceeding 22 hours 30 hours

30 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 22 but not exceeding 23 hours 32 hours

32 hours         ..         ..          ..          ..     Exceeding 23  hours.

Provided that where a rest period is taken by a person at a place which is outside Ghana and, if he ordinarily resides outside Ghana is not within 50 miles of his ordinary place of residence, it shall be deemed to be a sufficient rest period if it includes a period of eight hours falling between 2200 and 0800 hours local time and is of a length not less than the minimum length specified in the first column of Table B in this regulation and therein set opposite to the length specified in the second column of that Table which corresponds to the length of the duty period of that person which immediately precedes that rest period.

TABLE B

Minimum length

of sufficient                                                 Length of  immediately

rest period                                                   preceding duty period

10 hours          ..                ..              ..        Not exceeding 10 hours

11 hours          ..                ..              ..        Exceeding 10 but not exceeding 11 hours

12 hours          ..                ..              ..        Exceeding 11 but not exceeding 12 hours

13 hours          ..                ..              ..        Exceeding 12 but not exceeding 14 hours

14 hours          ..                ..              ..        Exceeding 14 but not exceeding 17 hours

15 hours          ..                ..              ..        Exceeding 17 but not exceeding 19 hours

16 hours          ..                ..              ..        Exceeding 19 but not exceeding 21 hours

17 hours          ..                ..              ..        Exceeding 21 but not exceeding 23 hours

18 hours          ..                ..              ..        Exceeding 23 hours.

Regulation 50—Records of Flight times and Duty Periods.

(1) The operator of an aircraft to which this regulation applies shall not cause or permit any person to fly therein as a  member of its flight crew unless the operator has in his possession an accurate and up-to-date record maintained by him or by another operator of aircraft in respect of that person and in respect of the 28 days immediately preceding the flight showing—

(a) the times of the beginning and end of each flight in any aircraft made by that person as a member of its flight crew in the course of any of his duty periods, and

(b) the times of the beginning and end of each duty period of the person in the course of which he makes a flight in any aircraft as a member of its flight crew, and

(c) the times of the beginning and end of each duty period of that person ending within a period of 72 hours immediately preceding the beginning of any duty period of that person in the course of which he makes a flight in any aircraft as a member of its flight crew, and

(d) brief particulars of the nature of the work or other duties carried out by that person during each of his duty periods of which a record is required to be kept under this paragraph.

(2) The  Director may prescribe the form and manner in which any records required to be kept under the last foregoing paragraph shall be kept and where he has so prescribed the said records shall be kept accordingly.

(3) Subject to the provisions of regulation 55 the operator of the aircraft shall preserve the records referred to in paragraph (1) of this regulation for at least 12 months after the end of the flight, duty period or rest period to which they relate.

Regulation 51—Maximum Flight times.

A person shall not fly in any aircraft registered in Ghana as a member of its flight crew at any time on any day after the aggregate of all his flight times (whether arising from flight in an aircraft to which this regulation applies or in any other aircraft) during the period of 28 consecutive days expiring at the end of that day amounts to 100 hours:

Provided that the foregoing prohibition shall not apply—

(a) to a flight made in an aircraft of which the maximum total weight authorised does not exceed 3 500 lb. and which is not flying for the purpose of public transport or aerial work; or

(b) to a flight made in an aircraft not flying for the purpose of public transport nor operated by an air transport undertaking, if at the time of the flight the aggregate of all the flight times of the person making the flight since he was last medically examined under these Regulations and found fit does not exceed 100 hours.

Regulation 52—Provisions for Particular Cases.

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in regulations 48, 49 and 51 (hereinafter referred to as “the relevant regulations”) a person shall be deemed not to have contravened any of the provisions of those regulations by reason of a flight made at any time by that person or by another person if the first mentioned person proves—

(a) that it was due to an unavoidable delay in the completion of the flight that the person so flying was flying at that time, and

(b) that the said first mentioned person could not reasonably be expected to have foreseen before the flight began  that the delay was likely to occur.

(2) Without prejudice to the provisions of regulation 79 (2) and notwithstanding anything contained in the relevant regulations, the commander of an aircraft may make, or authorise any other person to make and that other person if so authorised may make, a flight in that aircraft which he would, but for this paragraph, be prohibited from making by virtue of any provision contained in the relevant regulations if—

(a) it appears to the commander:

(i) that arrangements had been made for the flight to be made with such a crew and so as to begin and end at such times that no member of that crew would have been prohibited from making the flight in accordance with those arrangements by any provision contained in the relevant regulations and that since those arrangements were made the flight has been or will be prevented from being made in accordance with those arrangements by reason of exceptional circumstances or by reason of circumstances which were not foreseen as likely to prevent that flight from being so made, or

(ii) that the flight is one which ought to be carried out in the interests of the safety or health of any person, and

(b) the commander is satisfied that the safety of the aircraft on that flight will not be endangered if he or that other person makes that flight.

(3) Where the commander or any other person makes a flight in an aircraft which he or that other person is permitted to make under paragraph (2), a report in writing that he or that other person has made that flight, giving full particulars of the circumstances in which it was made and the reasons why the commander made that flight or, as the case may be, authorised that other person to do so, shall be made as soon as is reasonably practicable by the commander to the operator of the aircraft and in any event by the operator to the Director; and the operator and the commander shall give any authorised person such further information in his possession relating to the flight and to the circumstances in which it was made as that person may require.

PART VII—DOCUMENTS AND RECORDS

Regulation 53—Documents to be Carried.

(1) An aircraft shall not fly unless it carries the documents which it is required to carry under the law of the country in which it is registered.

(2) An aircraft registered in Ghana shall, when in flight, carry documents in accordance with Schedule 11:

Provided that, if the flight is intended to begin and end at the same aerodrome and does not include passage over the territory of any country other than Ghana, the documents may be kept at that aerodrome instead of being carried in the aircraft.

Regulation 54—Production of Documents and Records.

(1) The commander of an aircraft shall, within a reasonable time after being requested to do so by an authorised person, cause to be produced to that person—

(a) the certificates of registration and airworthiness in force in respect of the aircraft;

(b) the licences of its flights crew;

(c) such other documents as the aircraft is required by regulation 53 to carry when in flight.

(2) The operator of an aircraft registered in Ghana shall, within a reasonable time after being requested to do so by an authorised person, cause to be produced to that person such of the following documents or records as may have been requested by that person being documents or records which are required by or under these Regulations to be in force or to be carried preserved or made available:

(a) the documents referred to in Schedule 11 as Documents A, B and G;

(b) the aircraft log book engine log books and variable pitch propeller log books required under these Regulations to be kept;

(c) the weight schedule, if any, required to be preserved under regulation 13;

(d) in the case of a public transport aircraft or aerial work aircraft, the documents referred to in Schedule 11 as Documents D, E, F and H;

(e) any records of flight times, duty periods and rest periods which he is required by regulation 50 (3) to preserve, and such other documents and information in the possession or control of the operator, as the authorised person may require to determine whether those records are complete and accurate.

(f) any such operations manuals as are required to be made available under regulation 22 (2) (a) (i).

(g) the record made by any flight recorder required to be carried by or under these Regulations.

(3) The holder of a licence granted or rendered valid under these Regulations shall, within a reasonable time after being requested to do so by an authorised person, cause to be produced to that person his licence, including any certificate of validation. The requirements of this paragraph shall be deemed to have been complied with, except in relation to licences required by regulation 53 to be carried in the aircraft or kept at any aerodrome if the licence requested is produced within five days after the request has been made, at a place specified, at the time of the request, by the person to whom the request is made.

(4) Every person required by regulation 19 to keep a personal flying log book shall cause it to be produced within a reasonable time to an authorised person after being requested to do so by him within two years after the date of the last entry therein.

Regulation 55—Preservation of Documents and Records.

A person required by these Regulations to preserve any document or record by reason of his being the operator of an aircraft shall, if he ceases to be the operator of the aircraft, continue to preserve the document or record as if he had not ceased to be the operator, and in the event of his death the duty to preserve the document or record shall fall upon his personal representative:

Provided that if—

(a) another person becomes the operator of the aircraft and it remains registered in Ghana he or his personal representative shall deliver to that other person up demand the certificates of maintenance and compliance, the log books and the weight schedule and any record made by a flight recorder and preserved in accordance with regulation 31 (2) which are in force or required to be preserved in respect of that aircraft;

(b) an engine or variable pitch propeller is removed from the aircraft and installed in another aircraft operated by another person and registered in Ghana he or his personal representative shall deliver to that other person upon demand the log book relating to that engine or propeller;

(c) any person in respect of whom a record has been kept by him in accordance with regulation 50 becomes a member of the flight crew of a public transport aircraft registered in Ghana and operated by another person he or his personal representative shall deliver those records to that other person upon demand, and it shall be the duty of that other person to deal with the document or record delivered to him as if he were first-mentioned operator.

Regulation 56—Revocation, Suspension and Variation of Certificates, Licences and other Documents.

(1) The Director may, if he thinks fit, provisionally suspend any certificate, licence, approval, permission, exemption or other document issued or granted under these Regulations pending investigation of the case. The Director may, on sufficient ground being shown to his satisfaction after due inquiry, revoke, suspend or vary any such certificate, licence, approval, permission, exemption or other document.

(2) The holder or any person having the possession or custody of any certificate, licence, approval, permission, exemption or other document which has been revoked, suspended or varied under these Regulations shall surrender it to the Director within a reasonable time after being required to do so by him.

(3) The breach of any condition subject to which any certificate, licence, approval, permission, exemption or other document, other than a licence issued in respect of an aerodrome, has been granted or issued under these Regulations shall render the document invalid during the  continuance of the breach.

(4) Paragraphs (1) and (3) of this regulation shall not apply to an air operator’s certificate granted under regulation 4.

Regulation 57—Offences.

(1) A person shall not with intent to deceive—

(a) use any certificate, licence, approval, permission, exemption or other document issued or required by or under these Regulations which has been forged, altered, revoked or suspended, or to which he is not entitled; or

(b) lend any certificate, licence, approval, permission, exemption or other document issued or required by or under these Regulations to, or allow it to be used by, any other person; or

(c) make any false representation for the purpose of procuring for himself or any other person the grant issue, renewal or variation of any such certificate, licence, approval, permission or exemption or other document.

(2) A person shall not wilfully mutilate, alter or render illegible any log book or other record required by or under these Regulations to be maintained or any entry made therein, or knowingly make, or procure or assist in the making of, any false entry in or material omission from any such log book or record or destroy any such log book or record during the period for which it is required under these Regulations to be preserved.

(3) All entries made in writing in any log book or record referred to in paragraph (2) of this regulation shall be made in ink or indelible pencil.

(4) A person shall not wilfully or negligently make in a load sheet any entry which is incorrect in any material particular, or any material omission from such a load sheet.

(5) A person shall not purport to issue any certificate for the purposes of these Regulations unless he is authorised to do so under these Regulations.

(6) A person shall not issue any such certificate as aforesaid unless he has satisfied himself that all statements in the certificate are correct.

PART VIII—CONTROL OF AIR TRAFFIC

Regulation 58—Rules of the Air and Traffic Control.

(1) The Director may make rules (hereinafter referred to in these Regulations as the rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control) prescribing:

(a) the manner in which aircraft may move or fly including provision for requiring aircraft to give way to military aircraft;

(b) the lights and other signals to be shown or made by aircraft or persons;

(c) the lighting and marking of aerodromes;

(d) the air traffic control services to be provided at aerodromes;

(e)  the licensing of persons providing air traffic control services;

(f) any other provisions to secure the safety of aircraft in flight and in movement and the safety of persons and property on the surface.

(2) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this regulation, it shall be an offence to contravene, to permit the contravention of, or to fail to comply with, the rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control.

(3) It shall be lawful for the rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control to be departed from to the extent necessary—

(a) to avoid immediate danger; or

(b) to comply with the law of any country other than Ghana within which the aircraft then is, or

(c) to comply with Ministry of Defence Flying Orders in relation to an aircraft of which the commander is acting as such in the course of his duty as a member of any of  the armed forces of Ghana.

(4) If any departure from the rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control is made in order to avoid immediate danger, the commander of the aircraft shall cause written particulars of the departure, and of the circumstances giving rise to it, to be given within ten days thereafter to the competent authority of the country in whose territory the departure was made or if the departure was made over the high seas, to the Director.

(5) Nothing in the rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control shall exonerate any person from the consequences of any neglect in the use of rights or signals or of the neglect of any precautions required by ordinary aviation practice or by the special circumstances of the case.

Regulation 59—Power to Prohibit or Restrict Flying.

(1) Where the Director thinks it necessary in the public interest to restrict or prohibit flying over any area of Ghana or along any route therein by reason of—

(a) the intended gathering or movement of a large number of persons,

(b) the intended holding of an aircraft race or contest or of an exhibition of flying, or

(c) national defence or any other reason affecting the public interest,

the Director may make rules prohibiting, restricting or imposing conditions on flight, either generally or in relation to any class of aircraft, over any such area or along any such route, and an aircraft shall not fly in contravention of such rules.

(2) If the commander of an aircraft becomes aware that the aircraft is flying in contravention of any rules made for any of the reasons referred to in paragraph (1) (c) of this regulation he shall forthwith cause a signal of distress to be made by radio or by one of the prescribed visual signals, and shall (unless otherwise instructed by the appropriate air traffic control unit or by a commissioned officer of the armed forces of Ghana), cause the aircraft to land at the aerodrome, being an aerodrome suitable for that purpose, which it can reach by flying to the least possible extent over the area to which the regulations relate. The aircraft shall not begin to descend while over such area.

Regulation 60—Balloons and Kites.

(1) Within Ghana—

(a) a captive balloon or kite shall not be flown at a height of more than 200 feet above the ground level or within 200 feet of any vessel, vehicle or structure;

(b) a captive balloon shall not be flown within 3 miles of an aerodrome;

(c) a balloon exceeding 6 feet in any linear dimension at any stage of its flight, including any basket or other equipment attached to the balloon, shall not be flown in controlled airspace;

(d) a kite shall not be flown within 3 miles of an aerodrome.

(2) A captive balloon when in flight shall be securely moored, and shall not be left unattended unless it is fitted with a device which ensures its automatic deflation if it breaks free of its moorings.

PART IX—AERODROME, AERONAUTICAL LIGHTS AND DANGEROUS LIGHTS

Regulation 61—Aircraft to Use Aerodromes.

(1) An aircraft engaged on a flight for the public transport of passengers or for the purpose of instruction in flying shall not take off or land at any place in Ghana other than—

(a) a Government aerodrome notified as available for the take-off and landing of aircraft so engaged, or in respect of which the person in charge of the aerodrome has given his permission for the particular aircraft take off or land, as the case may be;

(b) an aerodrome licensed under these Regulations for the take-off and landing of aircraft so engaged,

and in accordance with any condition subject to which the aerodrome may have been licensed or notified, or subject to which such permission may have been given:

Provided that the foregoing prohibition shall not apply in relation to—

(i) any aeroplane of which the maximum total weight authorised does not exceed 6,000 lb. unless it is engaged on either—

(a) a scheduled journey, or

(b) a flight intended to begin and end at the same aerodrome, or

(c) a flight for the purpose of instruction in flying;

(ii) any helicopter, unless it is engaged on a journey or flight as aforesaid;

(iii) any glider being flown under arrangements made by a flying club and carrying no person other than a member of the club.

(2) An aircraft engaged on a flight for the public transport of passengers shall not take off or land by night at any place in Ghana unless adequate lighting is in operation in the aerodrome.

Regulation 62—Use of Government Aerodromes.

The Director may cause to be notified, subject to such conditions as he thinks fit, any Government aerodrome as an aerodrome available for take-off and landing by aircraft engaged on flights for the public transport of passengers or for instruction in  flying or by any classes of such aircraft.

Regulation 63—Licensing of Aerodromes.

The Director may license any aerodrome in Ghana subject to such conditions as he thinks fit, for the take-off and landing of aircraft engaged in flights for the public transport of passengers, or for the purpose of instruction in flying, or of any classes of such aircrafts.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (1) of this regulation, if the person applying for the licence so requests, the Director may grant a licence (in these Regulations referred to as “a licence for public use”) which shall be subject to the condition that the aerodrome shall at all times when it is available for the take-off or landing of aircraft be so available to all persons on equal terms and condition

(3) The licensee of an aerodrome in respect of which a licence for public use is in force shall display in a prominent place at the aerodrome a copy of the licence and shall give to any person on request information concerning the terms of the licence.

(4) The licensee of an aerodrome licensed under these Regulations shall not cause or permit any condition of the licence to be contravened, in relation to an aircraft engaged on a flight for the public transport of passengers or for instruction in flying, but the licence shall not cease to be valid by reason only of such a contravention.

(5) A licence granted by the Director in respect of an aerodrome shall, subject to the provisions or regulation 56, remain in force for such period as may be specified in the licence.

Regulation 64—Records at Aerodromes.

(1) The licensee of every aerodrome licensed under these Regulations which is provided with means of two-way radio communication with aircraft and either with radar equipment or with very high frequency direction finding apparatus for the purpose of providing holding aid, let-down aid or approach aid, shall provide at the aerodrome apparatus which is capable of recording the terms or content of any radio message or signal transmitted to any aircraft (either alone or in common with other aircraft) or received from any aircraft, by the air traffic control unit at the aerodrome.

(2) The apparatus provided in compliance with this regulation shall—

(a) be of a type approved by the Director in relation to the aerodrome;

(b) be installed in a manner so approved;

(c) always be maintained in serviceable condition; and

(d) be in use at all times when any navigation services are being provided by the air traffic control unit at the aerodrome to any aircraft flying for the purpose of  the public transport of passengers.

(3) The licensee of the aerodrome shall ensure that each record made by the apparatus provided in compliance with this regulation includes—

(a) the date or dates on which the record was made;

(b) a means of identifying the person at the aerodrome by whom the message or signal was transmitted, the aircraft to or from which and the frequency on which the message or signal was transmitted or received, and the time at which each message or signal transmitted from the aerodrome was transmitted;

(c) the time (if any) at which the radio station at the aerodrome opened or closed as the case may be within the period covered by each such record.

(4) If at any time the apparatus provided in compliance with this regulation ceases to be capable of recording the matters required by this regulation to be included in the record, the licensee of the aerodrome shall ensure that those matters are recorded in writing.

(5) The licensee of the aerodrome shall preserve any record made in compliance with this regulation for 30 days from the date on which the message or signal was recorded or for such longer period as the Director may in a particular case direct, and shall, within a reasonable time after being requested to do so by an authorised person, cause it to be produced to that person.

(6) A person required by this regulation to preserve any record by reason of his being the licensee, of an aerodrome shall, if he ceases to be the licensee of the aerodrome, continue to preserve the record as if he had not ceased to be licensee, and in the event of his death the duty to preserve the record shall fall upon his personal representative:

Provided that if another person becomes the licensee of the aerodrome he or his personal representative shall deliver the record to that other person on demand, and it shall be the duty of that other person to deal with the record delivered to him as if he were the first mentioned licensee.

Regulation 65—Charges at Aerodromes.

(1) The Director may, in relation to any aerodrome in respect of which a licence for public use has been granted, or to such aerodromes generally or to any class thereof, prescribe the charges, or the maximum charges, which may be made for the use of the aerodrome and for any services performed at the aerodrome to or in connection with aircraft, and may further prescribe the conditions to be observed in relation to those charges and the performance of those services.

(2) The licensee of an aerodrome in relation to which the Director has made any rules under paragraph (1) of this regulation shall not cause or permit any charges to be made in contravention of those rules, and shad cause particulars of the prescribed charges to be kept exhibited at the aerodrome in such a place and manner as to be readily available for the information of any person affected thereby.

(3) The licensee of any aerodrome in respect of which a licence for public use has been granted shall, when required by the Director, give the Director such particulars as he may require of the charges established by the licensee for the use of the aerodrome or of any facilities provided at the aerodrome for the safety, efficiency or regularity of air navigation.

Regulation 66—Aircraft from other States.

The person in charge of any aerodrome in Ghana which is open to public use by aircraft registered in Ghana (whether or not the aerodrome is a licensed aerodrome) shall cause the aerodrome, and all air navigation facilities provided thereat, to be available for use by aircraft registered in other Contracting States or in any part of the Commonwealth on the same terms and conditions as for use by aircraft registered in Ghana.

Regulation 67—Control of Noise and Vibration.

The Director may prescribe the conditions under which noise and vibration may be caused by aircraft (including military aircraft) on Government aerodromes, licensed aerodromes or on aerodromes at which the manufacture, repair or maintenance of aircraft is carried out by persons carrying on business as manufacturers or repairers  of aircraft.

Regulation 68—Aeronautical Lights.

(1) A person shall not establish or maintain an aeronautical light within Ghana except with the permission of the Director and in accordance with any conditions which may be prescribed, or subject to which permission may be granted.

(2) A person shall not alter the character of an aeronautical light within Ghana except with the permission of the Director and in accordance with any conditions subject to which the permission may be granted.

(3) In the case of an aeronautical light, being a beacon, which is or may be visible from any waters within an area of general lighthouse authority, the Director shall not give his permission for the purpose of this regulation except with the consent of that authority.

(4) A person shall not wilfully or negligently injure or interfere with any aeronautical light established and maintained by, or with the permission of the Director.

Regulation 69—Dangerous Lights.

(1) A person shall not exhibit in Ghana any light which—

(a) by reason of its glare is liable to endanger aircraft taking off, or

(b) by reason of its liability to be mistaken for an aeronautical light is liable to endanger aircraft.

(2) If any light which appears to the Director to be such a light as aforesaid is exhibited the Director may cause a notice to be served upon the person who is the occupier of the place where the light is exhibited or having charge of the light, directing that person, within a reasonable time to be specified in the notice, to take such steps as may be specified in the notice for extinguishing or screening the light and for preventing for the future the exhibition of any other light which may similarly endanger aircraft.

(3) The notice may be served either personally or by post, or by affixing it in some conspicuous place near to the light to which it relates.

(4) In the case of a light which is or may be visible from any waters within the area of a general lighthouse authority, the powers of the Director under this regulations shall not be exercised except with the consent of that authority.

Regulation 70—Customs Airports.

(1) The Director may, with the concurrence of the Comptroller of Customs and Excise and subject to such conditions as they may think fit, by executive instrument designate an aerodrome to be a place for the landing or departure of aircraft for the purpose of the enactments for the time being in force relating to customs.

(2) The Directors may, with the concurrence of the Comptroller of Customs and Excise, by executive instrument revoke any designation so made.

PART X—GENERAL

Regulation 71—Restriction on Carriage.

An aircraft registered in a Contracting State other than Ghana, or in a foreign country, shall not take on board or discharge any passengers or cargo carried or to be carried for hire or reward, except with the permission of the Director granted under this regulation to the operator or the charterer of the aircraft or to the Government of the country in which the aircraft is registered, and in accordance with any conditions to which such permission may be subject.

Regulation 72—Power to Prevent Aircraft Flying.

(1) If it appears to the Director or an authorised person that any aircraft is intended or likely to be flown—

(a) in such circumstances that any provision of regulation 1, 3, 4, 5, 15, 16, 24, 31, 35, or 71 would be contravened in relation to the flight; or

(b) in such circumstances that the flight would be in contravention of any other provision or these Regulations or any rules made thereunder and be a cause of danger to any person or property whether or not in the aircraft;

(c) while in a condition unfit for the flight, whether or not the flight would otherwise be in contravention of any provision of these Regulations or any rules made thereunder,the Director or that authorised person may direct the operator or the commander of the aircraft that he is not to permit the aircraft to make the particular flight or any other flight of such description as may be specified in the direction, until the direction has been revoked by the Director or by an authorised person, and the Director or that authorised person may take such steps as are necessary to detain the aircraft.

(2) For the purposes of this regulation the Director or any authorised person may enter upon and inspect any aircraft.

Regulation 73—Right of Access to Aerodromes and other Places.

The Director and any authorised person shall have the right of access at all reasonable times—

(a) to any aerodrome, for the purpose of inspecting the aerodrome, or

(b) to any aerodrome for the purpose of inspecting any aircraft on the aerodrome or any document which he has power to demand under these Regulations, or for the purpose of detaining any aircraft under the provisions of these Regulations; and

(c) to any place where an aircraft has landed, for the purpose of inspecting the aircraft of any document which he has power to demand under these Regulations and for the purpose of detaining the aircraft under the provisions of these Regulations:

Provided that access to a Government aerodrome shall only be obtained with the permission of the person in charge of the aerodrome.

Regulation 74—Obstruction of Persons.

A person shall not wilfully obstruct or impede any person acting in the exercise of his powers or the performance of his duties under these Regulations.

Regulation 75—Enforcement of Directions.

Any person who fails to comply with any direction given to him by the Director or by any authorised person under any provision of these Regulations or any rules made thereunder shall be deemed for the purposes of these Regulations to have contravened that provision.

Regulation 76—Fees.

The Director may prescribe the fees to be paid in respect of the issue, validation, renewal, extension or variation of any certificate, licence or other document (including the issue of a copy thereof), or the undergoing of any examination, test, inspection or investigation or the grant of any permission or approval, required by, or for the purpose of these Regulations or any rules made thereunder.

Regulation 77—Acts of Director Outside Ghana.

In so far as the exercise of any power or the performance of any duty of the Director under these Regulations may be required outside Ghana in any country where there is no representative of the Director competent to exercise such power or to perform such duty the Director may authorise in writing any person appearing to him to be qualified so to do or the holder for the time being of any office, to exercise such power to perform such duty.

Regulation 78—Penalties.

(1) If any provision of these Regulations or of any rules made thereunder is contravened in relation to an aircraft, the operator of that aircraft and its commander, if the operator or, as the case may be, the commander is not the person who contravened that provision shall (without prejudice to the liability of any other person under these Regulations for that contravention) be deemed for the purposes of the following provisions of this regulation to have contravened that provision unless he proves that the contravention occurred without his consent or connivance and that he exercised all due care to prevent the contravention.

(2) If it is proved that an act or omission of any person which would otherwise have been a contravention by that person of a provision of these Regulations or of any rules made thereunder was due to any cause not avoidable by the exercise of reasonable care by that person the act or omission shall be deemed not to be a contravention by that person of that provision.

(3) Where a person is charged with contravening a provision of these Regulations or of any rules made thereunder by reason of his having been a member of the flight crew of an aircraft on a flight for the purpose of public transport or aerial work the flight shall be treated (without prejudice to the liability of any other person under these Regulations) as not having been for that purpose if he proves that he neither knew nor had reason to know that the flight was for that purpose.

(4) If any person contravenes any provision of these Regulations or of any rules made thereunder, not being a provision referred to in paragraph (5) of this regulation he shall be liable on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding one hundred new cedis.

(5) If any person contravenes any provision of  regulations 5, 7 (1), 8, 8(2), 10, 11, 13 (1), 13 (2), 15, 16, 20, 23, 24 (1) to (4), 25 to 29, 30 (2), 31 (1), 32 to 41, 42 (2), 43, 44, 46 to 49, 51, 57 (1), 57 (2), 57 (4) to (6), 58 (2), 59 (1), 60, 61, 63 (4), 64 (1) to (4), 68 or 75, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding four hundred new cedis, or to imprisonment not exceeding six months or to both.

Regulation 79—Extra-Territorial Effect of these Regulations.

Except where the context otherwise requires, the provisions of these Regulations,

(a) in so far as they apply (whether by express reference or otherwise) to aircraft registered in Ghana, shall apply to such aircraft where they may be;

(b) in so far as they apply as aforesaid to other aircraft, shall apply to such aircraft when they are within Ghana;

(c) in so far as they prohibit, require or regulate (whether by express reference or otherwise) the doing of anything by persons in or by any of the crew of any aircraft registered in Ghana, shall apply to such persons and crew, wherever they may be; and

(d) in so far as they prohibit, require or regulate as aforesaid the doing of anything in relation to any aircraft registered in Ghana by other persons shall, where such persons are Ghanaian subjects apply to them wherever they may be.

Regulation 80—Application to President and Visiting Forces, etc.

(1) Subject to the following provisions of this regulation, the provisions of these Regulations shall apply to or in relation to aircraft belonging to or exclusively employed in the service of the President, not being military aircraft, as they apply to or in relation to other aircraft and for the purposes of such application the department or other authority for the time being responsible on behalf of the President for the management of the aircraft shall be deemed to be the operator of the aircraft and in the case of an aircraft belonging to the President, to be the owner of the interest of the President in the aircraft:

Provided that nothing in this regulation shall render liable to any penalty any department or other authority responsible on behalf of the President for the management of any aircraft.

(2) Save as otherwise expressly provided the naval, military and air force authorities and members of any visiting force and any international headquarters and the members thereof and property held or used for the purpose of such a force or headquarters shall be exempt from the provisions of these Regulations and of any rules made thereunder to the same extent as if that force or headquarters formed part of the forces of Ghana raised in Ghana and for the time being serving there.

(3) Save as otherwise provided by paragraph (4) of this regulation, regulation 59 (1) (a) and regulation 68, nothing in these Regulations shall apply to or in relation to any military aircraft.

(4) Where a military aircraft is flown by a civilian pilot and is not commanded by a person who is acting in the course of his duty as a member of any of the naval, military or air forces of Ghana or as a member of a visiting force or international headquarters, regulations 39, 40, 41, and 60, and in addition regulation 59 (so far as applicable) shall apply on the occasion of that flight unless the aircraft is flown in compliance with Ministry of Defence Flying Orders or other Flying Orders for Military Aircraft.

Regulation 81—Exemption.

The Director may exempt from any of the provisions of these Regulations or any rules made thereunder any aircraft or persons or classes of aircraft or persons, either absolutely or subject to such conditions as he thinks fit.

Regulation 82—Interpretation.

(1) In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires—

“the Act” means the Civil Aviation Act, 1958;

“aerial work” means any purpose (other than public transport) for which an aircraft is flown if hire or reward is given or promised in respect of the flight or the purpose of the flight;

“aerial work aircraft” means an aircraft (other than a public transport aircraft) flying, or intended by the operator to fly, for the purpose of aerial work;

“aerial work undertaking” means an undertaking whose business includes the performance of aerial work;

“acrobatic Manoeuvres” includes loops, spins, rolls, buns, stall turns, inverted flying and any other similar manoeuvre;

“aerodrome” means any area of land or water designed, equipped, set apart or commonly used for affording facilities for the take-off and landing of aircraft (not being an area the use of which for those purposes has been abandoned);

“aeronautical light” means any light established for the purpose of aiding air navigation;

“aeronautical radio station” means a radio station on the surface, which transmits or receives signals for the purpose of assisting aircraft;

“air traffic control unit” means a person appointed by the Director or by any other person maintaining an aerodrome to give instructions or advice or both instructions and advice by means of radio signals to aircraft in the interests of safety and "air traffic control service" shall be construed accordingly;

“air transport undertaking” means an undertaking whose business includes the carriage by air of passengers or cargo for hire or reward;

“appropriate aeronautical radio station” means in relation to an aircraft the aeronautical radio station serving the area in which the aircraft is for the time being;

“appropriate air traffic control unit” means in relation to an aircraft the air traffic control unit serving the area in which the aircraft is for the time being;

“authorized person” means any constable, and any person authorised by the Director either generally or in relation to a particular case or class of cases;

“cargo” includes mail and animals;

“certificate of airworthiness” includes any validation thereof and any flight manual or performance schedule relating to the certificate of airworthiness;

“certificate of maintenance”  and “certificate or compliance” have the meanings  respectively  assigned to them by regulations 7 (1) and 8 (3);

“commander” in relation to an aircraft means the member of the flight crew designated as commander of that aircraft by its operator, or, failing such a person the person who is for the time being the pilot in command of the aircraft;

“competent authority” means in relation to Ghana, the Director, and in relation to any other country the authority responsible under the law of that country for promoting the safety of civil aviation;

“congested area” in relation to a city, town or settlement, means any area which is substantially used for residential, industrial, commercial or recreational purposes;

“contracting state” means any State (including Ghana) which is a party to the Convention on International Civil Aviation signed at Chicago on the 7th December, 1944;

“controlled airspace” means control areas and control zones;

“control area” means airspace which has been notified as such and which extends upwards from a notified altitude;

“control zone” means airspace which has been notified as such and which extends upwards from the surface;

“co-pilot” in relation to an aircraft means a pilot who in performing his duties as such is subject to the direction of another pilot carried in the aircraft;

“country” includes a territory;

“crew” has the meaning assigned to it by paragraph (3) of this regulation;

“flight” and “to fly” have the meanings respectively assigned to them by paragraph (3) of this-regulation;

“flight crew” in relation to an aircraft means those members of the crew of the aircraft who respectively undertake to act as pilot, flight navigator, flight engineer and flight radio operator of the aircraft;

“flight level” means one of a series of levels of equal atmospheric pressure, separated by notified intervals and each expressed as the number of hundreds of feet which would be indicated at that level on a pressure altimeter calibrated in accordance with the International Standard Atmosphere and set to 1013.2 millibars (29.92 inches of mercury);

“licence” includes any certificate of competency or certificate of validity issued with the licence or required to be held in connection with the licence by the law of the country in which the licence is granted;

“licence for public use” has the meaning assigned to it by regulation 63 (2);

“licensed aerodrome” means an aerodrome licensed under these Regulations;

“lifejacket”  includes any device designed to support a person individually in or on the water;

“maximum  total weight authorised” in relation to an aircraft means the maximum total weight of the  aircraft and its contents at which the aircraft may take-off anywhere in the world, in the most favourable circumstances in accordance with the certificate of  airworthiness in force in respect of the aircraft;

“military aircraft” includes the naval, military or air force aircraft of any country and—

(a) any aircraft being constructed for the naval, military or air force of any country under a contract entered into by the Minister;

(b) any aircraft belonging to the Ghana Government in respect of which there is in force a certificate issued by the Ministry of Defence that the aircraft is to be treated for the purposes of these Regulations as a military aircraft; and

(c) any aircraft in respect of which there is in force a certificate as aforesaid issued by the Minister;

“Minister” means the Minister of Communications;

“nautical mile” means a distance of 6,080 feet;

“night” means the time between half an hour after sunset and half an hour before sunrise, sunset and sunrise being determined at surface level;

“notified” means set forth in a document issued by the Director and entitled “Notam—Ghana” or "Ghana AIP”;

“operator”  has the meaning assigned to it by paragraph (5) of this regulation;

“pilot in command” in relation to an aircraft means a person who for the time being is in charge of the piloting of the aircraft without being under the direction of any other pilot in the aircraft;

“prescribed” means prescribed by rules made by the Director under these Regulations;

“public transport” has the meaning assigned to it by paragraph (6) of this regulation;

“public transport aircraft” means an aircraft flying, or intended by the operator of the aircraft to fly, for the purpose of public transport;

“replacement” in relation to any part of an aircraft or its equipment includes the removal and replacement of that part whether or not by the same part, and whether or not any work is done on it, but does not include the removal and replacement of a part which is designed to be removable solely for the purpose of enabling another part to be inspected, repaired, removed or replaced or cargo to be loaded;

“rules of the air and air traffic control” has the meaning assigned to it by regulation 58 (1);

“scheduled journey” means one of a series of journeys which are undertaken between the same two places and which together amount to a systematic service.

(2) An aircraft shall be deemed to be in flight—

(a) in the case of a piloted flying machine, from the moment when, after the embarkation of its crew for the purpose of taking off, it first moves under its own power, until the moment when it next comes to rest after landing;

(b) in the case of a pilotless flying machine, or a glider, from the moment when it  first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment when it next comes to rest after landing;

(c) in the case of an airship or free balloon, from the moment when it first becomes detached from the surface until the moment when it next becomes attached thereto or comes to rest thereon.

(3) Every person employed or engaged in an aircraft in flight on the business of the aircraft shall be deemed to be a member of its crew.

(4) References in these Regulations to the operator of an aircraft are, for the purpose of the application of any provision of these Regulations in relation to any particular aircraft, references to the person who at the relevant time has the management of that aircraft:

Provided that for the purpose of the application of any provision in Part III, when by virtue of any charter or other agreement for the hire or loan of an aircraft a person other than an air transport undertaking or an aerial work undertaking has the management of that aircraft for a period not exceeding 14 days, the foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall have effect as if that agreement had not been entered into.

(5) (a) Subject to the provisions of this paragraph, an aircraft in flight shall for the purposes of these Regulations be deemed to fly for the purpose of public transport—

(i)  if hire or reward is given or promised for the carriage of passengers or cargo in the aircraft on that flight; or

(ii) if any passengers or cargo are carried gratuitously in the aircraft on the flight by an air transport undertaking, not being persons in the employment of the undertaking (including, in the case of a body corporate, its directors and, in the case of Ghana Airways Corporation, members of the Corporation), persons with the authority of the Director either making any inspection or witnessing any training, practice or test for the purposes of these Regulations or cargo intended to be used by any such passengers as aforesaid, or by the undertaking; or

(iii) for the purposes of Part III, if hire or reward is given or promised for the right to fly the aircraft on that flight otherwise than under a hire-purchase agreement; and the expression “public transport of passengers” shall be construed accordingly:

Provided that, notwithstanding that an aircraft may be flying for the purpose of public transport by reason of sub-paragraph (a) (iii) of this paragraph it shall not be deemed to be flying for the purpose of the public transport of passengers unless hire or reward is given for the carriage of those passengers.

(b) Where under a transaction effected by or on behalf of a member of an unincorporated association of persons on the one hand and the association of persons or any member thereof on the other hand, a person is carried in, or is given the right to fly, an aircraft in such circumstances that hire or reward would be deemed to be given or promised if the transaction were effected otherwise than as aforesaid, hire or reward shall, for the purposes of these Regulations, be deemed to be given.

(6) The expressions appearing in the “General Classification of Aircraft” set forth in Part A of Schedule 1 shall have the meanings thereby assigned to them.

(7) A power to make rules under these Regulations shall include the power to make different provisions with respect to different classes of aircraft, aerodromes, persons or property and with respect to different parts of Ghana and to make such incidental and supplementary provisions as are necessary or expedient for carrying out the purposes of these Regulations.

Regulation 83—Landing Rights.

Subject to regulations 63 and 66, nothing in these Regulations or the rules made thereunder shall confer any right to land in any place as against the owner of the land or other persons interested therein.

Regulation 84—Small Aircraft.

The provisions of these Regulations, other than regulations 40 and 60, shall not apply to or in relation to—

(a) any balloon which at any stage of its flights is not more than 6 feet in any linear dimension including any basket or other equipment attached to the balloon;

(b) any kite weighing not more than 4 lb.;

(c) any other aircraft weighing not more than 11 lb. without its fuel.

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1

(Regulations 6(14))

PART A

Table of General Classification of Aircraft

Col.1   Col.2   Col.3   Col.4  

            Lighter than air.         Non-mechanically driven.     Free Balloon 

Aircraft            Aircraft            Mechanically driven. Captive Balloon Airship.     

            Heavier  than air.       Non-mechanically driven.                

            Aircraft            Mechanically driven (flying machines).       Aeroplane

(Landplane)

Aeroplane

(Seaplane)

Aeroplane

(Amphibian)

Gyroplane

Helicopter     

PART B

Nationality and Registration Marks of Aircraft Registered in Ghana

1. The nationality mark of the aircraft shall be the capital letter "G" in Roman character preceded by the figure (9) nine thus "9G" and the registration mark shall be a group of three capital letters in Roman character assigned by the Director on the registration of the aircraft.  The letters shall be without ornamentation and a hyphen shall be placed between the nationality mark and the registration mark.

2.  The nationality and registration marks shall be painted on the aircraft or shall be affixed thereto by any other means ensuring a similar degree of permanence in the following manner:—

(1) Position of Marks

(a) Flying machines and Gliders:

(i) Wings: Except on aircraft having no fixed wing surface, the marks shall appear on the lower surface of the wing structure, and shall be on the left half on the lower surface of the wing structure unless they extend across the whole surface of both wings. So far as possible the marks shall be located equidistant from the leading and trailing edges of the wings. The tops of the letters shall be towards the leading edge of the wing:

(ii) Fuselage (or equivalent structure) or Vertical Tail Surface: The marks shall also be either on each side of the fuselage (or equivalent structure) between the wings and the surfaces, or on the upper halves of the vertical tail surfaces. When on a single vertical tail surface they shall be on both sides of the tail. When there is more than one vertical tail surface, the marks shall appear on the out-board sides of the outer tails:

(b) Balloons:

The marks shall be in two places diametrically opposite. They shall be placed near the maximum horizontal circumference of the balloon, and shall be so placed as to be visible both from the sides and from the ground.

(2) Size of Marks

(a) Flying Machines and Gliders:

(i) Wings: The letters constituting each group of marks shall be of equal height. The height of the letters shall be at least 20 inches.

(ii) Fuselage (or equivalent structure) or Vertical Tail Surfaces: The marks on the fuselage (or equivalent structure) shall not interfere with the visible outlines of the fuselage (or equivalent structure). The marks on the vertical tail surfaces shall be such as to leave a margin of at least two inches along each side of the vertical tail surface. The letters constituting each group of marks shall be of equal height. The height of the marks shall be at least 12 inches: Provided that where owing to the structure of the aircraft a height of 12 inches is not reasonably practicable, the height shall be the greatest height reasonably practicable in the circumstances, but not less than 6 inches.

(b) Balloons:

The letters constituting each group of marks shall be of equal height. The height of the letters shall be at least 30 inches.

Width and Spacing of Marks

(a) The width of each letter (except the letter 1) and the length of the hyphen between the nationality mark and registration mark shall be two-thirds of the height of a letter.

(b) The letters and hyphen shall be formed by solid lines and shall be of a colour clearly contrasting with the background on which they appear. The thickness of the lines shall be one-sixth of the height of a letter.

(c) Each letter shall be separated from the letter which it immediately precedes or follows by a space equal to half the width of a letter. A hyphen shall be regarded as a letter for this purpose.

3. The nationality and registration marks shall be displayed to the best advantage, taking into consideration the constructional features of the aircraft and shall always be kept clean and visible.

4. In addition to the foregoing requirements of this Schedule the nationality and registration marks shall also be inscribed, together with the name and address of the registered owner of the aircraft, on a fire-proof metal plate affixed in a prominent position to the fuselage of car or basket, as the case may be and near the main entrance to the aircraft.

SCHEDULE 2

The "A Conditions" and the "B Conditions" referred to in regulations 1 (1), 5 (1) and 33 (5) of these Regulations are as follows:

"A Conditions"

(1) The aircraft shall be either an aircraft in respect of which a certificate of airworthiness or validation has previously been in force under the provisions of these Regulations, or an aircraft identical in design with an aircraft in respect of which such a certificate is or has been in force.

(2) The aircraft shall fly only for the purpose of enabling it to:

(a) qualify for the issue or renewal of a certificate of airworthiness or of the validation thereof or the approval of a modification of the aircraft, after an application has been made for such issue, renewal, validation or approval, as the case may be; or

(b) proceed to or from a place at which any inspection, test or weighing of the aircraft is to take place for a purpose referred to in sub-paragraph (a).

(3) The aircraft and its engines shall be certified as fit for flight by the holder of a licence as an aircraft maintenance engineer entitled in accordance with Schedule 4 so to certify, or by a person approved by the Director for the purpose of issuing certificates under this condition.

(4) The aircraft shall carry the minimum flight crew specified in any certificate of airworthiness or validation which has previously been in force under these Regulations in respect of the aircraft, or is or has previously been in force in respect of any other aircraft of identical design.

(5) The aircraft shall not carry any passengers or cargo except passengers performing duties in the aircraft in connection with the flight.

(6) The aircraft shall not fly over any congested area of a city, town or settlement except to the extent that it is necessary to do so in order to take off from or land at a Government aerodrome or a licensed aerodrome in accordance with normal aviation practice.

(7) Without prejudice to the provisions of regulation 15 (2), the aircraft shall carry such flight crew as may be necessary to ensure the safety of the aircraft.

"B Conditions"

(1) The flight shall be made under the supervision of a person approved by the Director for the purposes of these Conditions, and subject to any additional conditions which may be specified in such approval.

(2) If it is not registered in Ghana or under the law of any country referred to in regulation 1, the aircraft shall be marked in a manner approved by the Director for the purposes of these Conditions, and regulations 11, 12, 16, 27, 30, 53, and 54 shall be complied with in relation to the aircraft as if it was registered in Ghana so far as such provisions are applicable to the aircraft in the circumstances.

(3) The aircraft shall fly only for the purpose of:

(a) experimenting with or testing the aircraft (including in particular its engines) and its equipment; or

(b) enabling the aircraft to qualify for the issue or validation of a certificate of airworthiness or the approval or modification of the aircraft; or

(c)  proceeding to or from a place at which any experiment, test, inspection or weighing of the aircraft is to take place for a purpose referred to in sub-paragraph (a) or (b).

(4) The aircraft shall carry such flight crew as may be necessary to ensure the safety of the aircraft.

(5) The aircraft shall not carry any cargo, or any persons other than the flight crew except the following:

(a) persons employed by the operator who carry out during the flight duties in connection with the purposes specified in paragraph (3) of these Conditions;

(b)  persons employed by manufacturers of component parts of the aircraft (including the engine) who carry out during the flight duties in connection with the purposes so specified;

(c) persons approved by the Director under regulation 6 (8) as qualified to furnish reports for the purposes of that regulation;

(d) persons, other than those carried under the preceding provisions of this paragraph, who are carried in the aircraft in order to carry out a technical evaluation of the aircraft or its operation.

(6) The aircraft shall not fly, except in accordance with procedures which have been approved by the Director in relation to that flight, over any congested area of a city, town or settlement.

SCHEDULE 3 

(Regulation 6)

1. Categories of Aircraft

Transport Category (Passenger)

Transport Category (Cargo)

Aerial Work Category

Private Category

Special Category.

2. The purposes for which the aircraft may fly are as follows:

Transport Category (Passenger): Any purpose.

Transport Category (Cargo): Any purpose, other than the public transport of passengers.

Aerial Work Category: Aerial Work only.

Private Category: Any purpose other than, public transport or aerial work.

Special Category: Any other purpose specified in the certificate of airworthiness but not including the carriage of passengers unless expressly permitted.

SCHEDULE 4 

(Regulation 9)

Maintenance Engineers: Privileges of Licences

An aircraft maintenance engineer may, subject to the conditions of his licence, issue certificates as follows:

Aircraft Maintenance Engineer—Category A (Aircraft)

In relation to aircraft (not including engines)—

(a) certificates of maintenance in accordance with the maintenance schedules approved under these Regulations;

(b) certificates of compliance in respect of inspections, repairs, replacements and modifications so approved;

(c) certificates of fitness of aircraft for flight under the "A conditions".

Aircraft Maintenance Engineers—Category B (Aircraft)

In relation to aircraft (not including engines)—

Certificates of compliance in respect of inspections repairs, replacements and modifications approved under these Regulations.

Aircraft Maintenance Engineers—Category C (Engines)

In relation to engines—

(a) certificates of maintenance in accordance with the maintenance schedules approved under these Regulations;

(b) certificates of compliance in respect of inspections, repairs, replacements and modifications so approved;

(c) certificates of fitness of aircraft engines for flight under "A Conditions.”

Aircraft Maintenance Engineers—Category D (Engines)

In relation to engines—

certificates of compliance in respect of inspections, overhauls, repairs, replacements and modifications approved under these Regulations.

Aircraft Maintenance Engineers—

Category X (Compasses)

Category X (Instruments)

Category X (Electrical)

Category X (Automatic Pilots)

In relation respectively to compasses, instruments, electrical equipment or automatic pilots—

(a) certificates of maintenance in accordance with the maintenance schedules approved under these Regulations;

(b) certificates of compliance in respect of inspections, repairs, replacements and modifications so approved.

Aircraft Radio Maintenance Engineers—Category A (Radio)

In relation to aircraft radio stations—

(a) certificates of maintenance in accordance with the maintenance schedules approved under these Regulations;

(b) certificates of compliance in respect of inspections, repairs, replacements and modifications so approved.

Aircraft Radio Maintenance Engineers—Category B (Radio)

Certificates of any radio apparatus approved under these Regulations.

SCHEDULE 5

(Regulation 10)

Aircraft Equipment

1. Every aircraft registered in Ghana shall be provided, when flying in the circumstances specified in the first column of the Table set forth in paragraph (4) of this Schedule with adequate equipment, and for the purpose of this paragraph the expression "adequate equipment" shall mean the scales of equipment respectively indicated in that Table:

Provided that, if the aircraft is flying in a combination of such circumstances the scales of equipment shall not on that account be required to be duplicated.

2. The equipment carried in an aircraft as being necessary for the airworthiness of the aircraft shall be taken into account in determining whether this Schedule is complied with in respect of that aircraft.

3. The following items of equipment shall not be required to be of a type approved by the Director:

(i)  The equipment referred to in Scale A (ii).

(ii)  First Aid Equipment and Handbook, referred to in Scale B.

(iii) Time-pieces, referred to in Scale F.

(iv) Torches, referred to in Scale G, H and J.

(v) Whistles, referred to in Scale H.

(vi) Sea anchors, referred to in Scales I and J.

(vii)  Rocket signals, referred to in Scale I.

(viii) Equipment for mooring, anchoring or manoeuvring aircraft on the water, referred to in Scale I.

(ix)  Paddles, referred to in Scale J.

(x)  Food and water, referred to in Scale J.

Aircraft and Circumstances of Flight          SCALE OF EQUIPMENT REQUIRED      

            A         B         C         D         E         F          G         H         I           J          K         L          M         N         O            P         Q         R         Extras

(1) Flying machines flying for purposes other than public transport   . .       . .        . .

(a)  when flying at night        . .        . .          

A                    

C        

D                                                                                                                                                                                            

(b) when flying under Instrument Flight Rules.

(i) outside controlled airspace         . .

(ii)  within controlled  airspace       . .          

A

A                                

D

E        

F                                                                                                                                                         

E (iv) duplicated       

(c) when carrying out aerobatic manoeuvres        

A                                                                                                                                            

M                                                                                

(d) on all other flights     ..      A                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

(2) Flying machines flying for the purpose of public transport       . .       . .        . .

(a)  when flying under Instrument Flight Rules.

(i) in the case of flying machines of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 2,500 lb.     . .

(ii) in the case of flying machines of which the maximum total weight authorised does not exceed 2,500 lb.

(a) outside controlled airspace    . .

(b) within controlled airspace    . .   

A

A

A        

B

B

B                    

D

E

E        

F

F(i) only

F                                                                                                                                                         

E (iv) duplicated

E (iv) duplicated       

(b)  when flying at night—

(i) in the case of flying machines of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 2,500 lb      . .

(ii) in the case of flying machines of which the maximum total weight authorised does not exceed 2,500lb 

A

A        

B

B        

C

C        

D        

E        

F

F (i) only        

G

G                                                                                                                                            

E (iv) duplicated

(c) when flying over water beyond gliding distance from land  . .       . .        . .   

A        

B                    

D                    

F (i) only                    

H                                                                                                                                            

(d) when flying over water —

(i) in the case of an aeroplane

(a) classified in its certificate of air-worthiness as being of performance group A, C or X, or

(b) having no performance group classification in its certificate of air-worthiness and of such a weight and performance that with any one of its power units inoperative and the remaining power unit or units operating within the maximum continuous power conditions specified in the certificate of air-worthiness, performance schedule or flight manual relating to the aeroplane issued or rendered valid by the Director, it is capable of a gradient of climb of at least 1 in 200 at an altitude of 5,000 feet in the International Standard Atmosphere specified in or ascertainable by reference to the certificate of air-worthiness in force in respect of that aircraft, when either more than 400 nautical miles or more that 90 minutes flying time from the nearest aerodrome at which an emergency landing can be made:

(ii) in the case of all other flying machines when more than 30 minutes flying time form such as aerodrome           

A†      

B                    

D                    

F (i) only                    

H                    

J                                                                                                         

(e) on all flights which involve manoeuvres on water     . .        . . 

A        

B                    

D                    

F (i) only                    

H        

I          

J                                                                                                                     

(f) when flying at a height of 10,000 feet or more above mean sea level           

A        

B                    

D                    

F (i) only                                                        

K                                                                                                        

(g) on flights when the whether reports or forecasts available at the aerodrome at the time of departure indicate that conditions favouring ice formation are likely to be met     . .       . .        . . 

A        

B                    

D                    

F (i) only                                                                    

L                                                                                             

(h) when carrying out aerobatic manoeuvres        

A        

B                    

D                    

F (i) only                                                                                

M                                                                                

(i) on all flight on which the aircraft carries a flight crew of more that one person,                                                                                                                                                                    

N                                                        

(j)  on all flights by —

(i) flying machines powered by turbine jet engines, and of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 25,000 lb.,

(ii) flying machines powered by propeller turbine engines, and of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 100,000 lb.,

(iii) flying machines powered by propeller turbine engines of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 50,000 lb.,

(iv) flying machines of such other classes or descriptions as may be prescribed when flying within such areas at such times and in such circumstances as may be prescribed.

(v) Any other flying machine if the Director so directs in a particular case: with the exception of any flight on which the radar set specified in Scale O in paragraph 5 of this Schedule is unserviceable on take-off but the weather report or forecasts available to the commander of the aircraft at that time indicate that cumulonimbus clouds or other potentially hazardous weather conditions which can be detected by the set when in working order are unlikely to be encountered on the intended route or any planned diversion therefrom, or the commander of the aircraft has satisfied himself that any such weather conditions will be conditions will be encountered in daylight and can be seen and avoided, and the aircraft is in either case operated throughout the flight in accordance with any relevant instructions given in the operations manual      . .        . .                                                                                                                                                                            

O                                                        

(k) on all flights for the purpose of the public transport of passengers     . .                                                                                                                                                                                                       

Q                                

(l) on all flights if the flying machine is provided with means for maintaining in the flight crew compartment or in the compartments in which any passengers or cargo are a pressure greater than that of the surrounding atmosphere. .        . .       . .        . .                                                                                                                                                                                                               

R                    

(m)  on all other flights         . .        . .            A         B                     D                     F (i) only                                                                                                                                                                    

(3) Gliders flying for purpose other than public transport or aerial work when flying by night         . .       . .        . .           

A (ii) only                   

C                                                                                                                                                                                                        

(4) Gliders flying for the purposes of public transport or aerial work        . .        . .

(a) when outside controlled airspace under Instrumental Flight Rules . .        . .

A        

B                    

D                    

F (i) only                                                                                                                                                                    

(b) when flying by night         A         B         C         D                     F (i) only         G                                                                                                                                                        

(c) when carrying out aerobatic manoeuvres        

A        

B                    

D                    

F (i) only                                                                                

M                                                                                

(d) on all other flights. .       . .        . .

(5) Turbined-engined aeroplanes over 12,500 lb. maximum total weight authorised and piston-engined aeroplanes over 60,000 lb. maximum total weight authorised.

(a) which are operated by an air transport undertaking under a certificate of air-worthiness of the Transport Category (Passenger) or Transport Category (Cargo); or           A         B                     D                     F (i) only                                                                                                                                                                       

(b) in respect of which application has been made and not withdrawn or refused for such a certificate, and which fly under the “A” Conditions or under a certificate of airworthiness of the Special Category when flying on any flight        . .       . .        . .                                                                                                                                                                                            P                                            

† For the purpose of this Table, flying time shall be calculated on the assumption that the aircraft is flying in still air at the speed specified in the relevant Certificate of Airworthiness as the speed for compliance with regulations governing flights over water

5. The scales of equipment indicated in the foregoing Table shall be as follows:—

Scale A:

(i) Spare fuses for all electrical circuits the fuses of which can be replaced in flight, consisting of 10 per cent of the number of each rating or three of each rating, whichever is the greater;

(ii) maps, charts, codes and other documents and navigational equipment necessary, in addition to any other equipment required under these Regulations, for the intended flight of the aircraft, including any diversion which may reasonably be expected;

(iii) subject to Scale B (iii), a safety belt or safety harness for every seat in use.

Scale B:

(i) First-aid equipment of good quality, sufficient in quantity, having regard to the number of persons on board the aircraft, and including the following:

Roller bandages, triangular bandages, absorbent gauze, adhesive plaster, white absorbent lint, cotton wool (or wound dressings in place of the lint and cotton wool), burn dressings, safety pins;

Haemostatic bandages or tourniquet, scissors; Antiseptic, analgesic and stimulant drugs;

A handbook on First Aid.

(ii) In the case of a flying machine used for the public transport of passengers in which while the flying machine is at rest on the ground, the sill of any external door intended for the disembarkation of passengers, whether normally or in an emergency,

(a) is more than six feet from the ground when the under-carriage of the machine is in the normal position for taxying, or

(b) would be more than six feet from the ground if the undercarriage of any part thereof should collapse, break or fail to function,

apparatus readily available for use at each such door consisting of a device or devices which will enable passengers to reach the ground safely in an emergency while the flying machine is on the ground, and can be readily fixed in position for use.

(iii) If the maximum total weight authorised of the aircraft is more than 6,000 lb. a safety harness for every pilot's seat in use, in place of the safety belt referred to under Scale A:

Provided that the Director may permit a safety belt to be fitted if he is satisfied that it is not reasonably practicable to fit a safety harness.

(iv) If the commander cannot, from his own seat, see all the passengers' seats in the aircraft, means of indicating to the passengers that seat belts should be fastened.

Scale C:

(i) Equipment for displaying the lights required by the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control;

(ii) electrical equipment supplied from the main source of supply in the aircraft, provides sufficient illumination to enable the flight crew properly to carry out their duties during flight;

(iii) unless the aircraft is equipped with radio, devices for making the visual signal specified in the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control as indicating a request for permission to land.

Scale D:

(i) Either (a) a turn and slip indicator; or

(b) a gyroscopic bank and pitch indicator and a gyroscopic direction indicator;

(ii) a sensitive pressure altimeter adjustable for changes in barometric pressure.

Scale E:

(i) A turn and slip indicator;

(ii) a gyroscopic bank and pitch indicator;

(iii)  a gyroscopic direction indicator;

(iv) a sensitive pressure altimeter adjustable for changes in barometric pressure.

Scale F:

(i)   a timepiece with a sweep second hand;

(ii) a means of indicating whether the power supply to the gyroscopic instruments is adequate;

(iii) a rate of climb and descent indicator;

(iv) if the maximum total weight authorised of the aircraft is more than 12,500 lb., a means of indicating the outside air temperature;

(v) if the maximum total weight authorised of the aircraft is more than 12,500 lb., two air speed indicators.

Scale G:

(i) Landing lights consisting of two single filament lamps, or one dual filament lamp with separate energised filaments;

(ii)  an electric lighting system to provide illumination in every passenger compartment;

(iii) (a) if the aircraft, in accordance with its certificate of airworthiness, may carry more than nineteen persons over three years of age: two electric torches and an emergency lighting system to provide illumination in the passenger compartments sufficient to facilitate the evacuation of the aircraft notwithstanding the failure of the lighting systems specified in sub-paragraph (ii),

(b) in the case of any other aircraft, one electric torch for each member of the crew of the aircraft;

(iv) in the case of an aircraft of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 12,500 lb., means of observing the existence and build up of ice on the aircraft.

Scale H:

For each person on board, a lifejacket equipped with a whistle and water-proof torch:

Provided that lifejackets constructed and carried solely for use by children under three years of age need not be equipped with a whistle.

Scale I:

(i) Additional flotation equipment, capable of supporting one-fifth of the number of persons on board, and provided in a place of stowage accessible from outside the flying machine;

(ii) parachute distress rocket signals capable of making from the surface of the water, the pyrotechnical signal of distress specified in the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control and complying with the Merchant Shipping Life-Saving practice;

(iii) a sea anchor and other equipment necessary to facilitate mooring, anchoring or manoeuvring the flying machine on water, appropriate to its size, weight, and handling characteristics.

Scale J:

(i) Liferafts sufficient to accommodate all persons on board the flying machine with the following equipment:

(a) means for maintaining buoyancy;

(b) a sea anchor;

(c) life lines, and means of attaching one liferaft to another;

(d) paddles or other means of propulsion;

(e) means of protecting the occupants from the elements;

(f) waterproof torch;

(g) marine type pyrotechnical distress signals;

(h) means of making sea water drinkable;

(i) for each person the liferaft is designed to carry:

8 ounces of glucose toffee tablets;

4 ounces of sweetened condensed milk in durable containers;

2 pints of fresh water in durable containers:

Provided that in any case in which it is not reasonably practicable owing to lack of stowage space in the liferaft to carry the quantities of condensed milk and water above prescribed, an equal quantity by weight of glucose toffee tablets may be substituted for the former and as large a quantity of fresh water as is reasonably practicable in the circumstances may be substituted for the latter. In no case however shall the quantity of water carried be less than is sufficient, when added to the amount of fresh water capable of being produced by means of the equipment specified in item (h) of this sub-paragraph, to provide two pints of water for each person the liferaft is designed to carry;

(j) first-aid equipment.

Items (f) to (j), inclusive, shall be contained in a pack stowed with the liferaft.

(ii) For every four, or proportion of four liferafts, one liferaft radio transmitter.

PART I

Scale K.

(i) In every flying machine which is provided with means for maintaining a pressure greater than 700 millibars throughout the flight in the flight crew compartment and in the compartments in which passengers are carried—

(a) a supply of oxygen sufficient, in the event of failure to maintain such pressure, occurring in the circumstances specified in columns 1 and 2 of the Table set out in Part II of this Scale, for continuous use, during the periods specified in column 3 of the said Table, by the persons for whom oxygen is to be provided in accordance with column 4 of that Table, and

(b) in addition, in every case where the flying machine flies above flight level 350, a supply of oxygen in a portable container sufficient for the simultaneous first a treatment of two passengers, together with suitable and sufficient apparatus to enable such persons to use the oxygen.

(ii) In any other flying machine—

(a) a supply of oxygen sufficient for continuous use by all the crew, and, if passengers are carried, by 10 per cent of the number of passengers, for any period exceeding 30 minutes during which the flying machine flies above flight level 100 but not above flight level 130; and

(b) a supply of oxygen sufficient for continuous use by all persons on board for the whole time during which the flying machine flies above flight level 130, together with suitable and sufficient apparatus to enable such person to use the oxygen.

(iii) The quantity of oxygen required for the purpose of complying with paragraphs (i) and (ii) of this Part of this Scale shall be computed in accordance with the information and instructions relating thereto specified in the operations manual relating to the aircraft pursuant to Item (v) of Part A of Schedule 10 to these Regulations.

PART II

Column 1        Column 2        Column 3        Column 4       

Vertical displacement of the flying machine in relation to fight levels      Capability of flying machine to descend (where relevant)     Period of supply of oxygen   Persons for whom oxygen is to be provided         

Above flight level 100           —        30 minutes of the period specified at A hereunder whichever is the greater.           In addition to any passengers for whom oxygen is provided as specified below, all crew.     

Above flight level 100 but not above flight level 300          Flying machine is either flying at or below flight level 150 or is capable of descending and continuing to destination as specified at X hereunder.            30 Minutes or the period specified at A hereunder whichever is the greater.            10 per cent of number of passengers.           

Flying machine is capable of flight level 150 and is not so capable.      {10 minutes or the period {specified at A hereunder {whichever is the greater.

{30 minutes or the period {specified at A hereunder {whichever is the greater.            All passengers

and in addition

10 per cent of number of passengers.       

Above flight level 300 but not above flight level 350.         Flying machine is capable of descending and continuing to destination as specified at Y hereunder.     30 minutes or the period specified at C hereunder whichever is the greater.      15 per cent of number of passengers.       

            Flying machine is not so capable    {10 minutes or the period {specified at B hereunder {whichever is the greater.

{30 minutes or the period {specified at C hereunder {whichever is the greater.            All passengers

and in addition

15 per cent of number of passengers.       

Above flight level 350                       {10 minutes or the period {specified at B hereunder {whichever is the greater.

{30 minutes or the period {specified at C hereunder {whichever is the greater.            All passengers

and in addition

15 per cent of number of passengers.       

A. The whole period during which, after a failure to maintain a pressure greater than 700 milibars in the control compartment and in the compartments in which passengers are carried has occurred, the flying machine flies above flight level 100.

B. The whole period during which, after failure to maintain such pressure has occurred, the flying machine flies above flight level 150.

C. The whole period during which, after a failure to maintain such pressure has occurred, the flying machine flies above flight level 100, but not above flight level 150.

X. The flying machine is capable, at the time when a failure to maintain such pressure occurs, of descending in accordance with the emergency descent procedure specified in the relevant flight manual and without flying below the minimum altitudes for safe flight specified in the operations manual relating to the aircraft, to flight level 150 within six minutes, and continuing at or below that flight level to its place of intended destination or any other place at which a safe landing can be made.

Y. The flying machine is capable, at the time when a failure to maintain such pressure occurs of descending in accordance with the emergency descent procedure specified in the relevant flight manual and without flying below the minimum altitudes for safe flight specified in the operations manual relating to the aircraft, to flight level 150 within four minutes, and continuing at or below that flight level to its place of intended destination or any other place at which a safe landing can be made.

Scale L:

Equipment to prevent the impairment through ice formation of the functioning of the controls, means of propulsion, lifting surfaces, windows or equipment of the aircraft so as to endanger the safety of the aircraft.

Scale M:

Safety harness for every seat in use.

Scale N:

An intercommunication system for use by all members of the flight crew and including microphones, not of a hand-held type, for use by the pilot and flight engineer (if any).

Scale O:

A radar set capable of giving warning to the pilot in command of the aircraft of the presence of commulonimbus clouds and other potentially hazardous weather conditions.

Scale P:

A flight recorder which is capable of recording, by reference to a time scale, the following data—

(a) indicated air speed;

(h) indicated altitude;

(c) vertical acceleration;

(d) magnetic heading;

(e) pitch altitude, if the equipment provided in the aircraft is of such a nature as to enable this item to be recorded.

The recorder shall be so constructed that the record would be likely to be preserved in the event of an accident to the aircraft.

Scale Q:

If the maximum total weight authorised of the flying machine exceeds 12,500 lb. a door between the flight crew compartment and any adjacent compartment to which passengers have access, which door shall be fitted with a lock or bolt capable of being worked from the flight crew compartment.

Scale R:

(i) Equipment sufficient to protect the eyes, nose and mouth of the pilot in command of the aircraft from the effects of smoke and noxious gases for a period of not less than 15 minutes; and

(ii) Portable equipment sufficient to protect the eyes, nose and mouth of one other member of the crew of the aircraft from the effects of smoke and noxious gases for a period of not less than 8 minutes; and

(iii) Equipment sufficient to protect from the effects of smoke and noxious gases the eyes of all members of the flight crew of the aircraft whose eyes are not adequately protected by other equipment.

SCHEDULE 6

Regulation 11

Radio Apparatus to be Carried in Aircraft

1. Every aircraft registered in Ghana shall be provided, when flying in the circumstances specified in the first column of the Table set forth in paragraph (2) of this Schedule, with the scales of equipment respectively indicated in that Table:

Provided that, if the aircraft is flying in a combination of such circumstances the scales of equipment shall not on that account be required to be duplicated.

TABLE

2.

Aircraft and Circumstances of Flight          Scale of Equipment Required        

            A         B         C         D                    

(1) All aircraft

(a) when flying under Instrument Flight Rules within controlled airspace      . .  

A        

B                                            

(b) where required by rules made under regulation 58 to comply in whole or in part with Instrument Flight Rules in Visual Meteorological Conditions    . .    

A*       

B*                                           

(c) when flying within any airspace in respect of which special rules may be prescribed by the said rules in relation to a particular aerodrome, so as to require two-way radio communication with that aerodrome . .         . .        . .         

A*                                                       

(2) All aircraft when flying for the purpose of public transport under Instrument Flight Rules:

(i) while making an approach to landing. . 

A        

B        

C        

D                    

(ii) on all other occasions . .        . .       . .    A         B         C                                

(3) All aircraft over 5,000 lb. maximum total weight authorised when flying for the purpose of public transport under Visual Flight Rules          . .        . .       . .        . .       

A        

B                                            

(4) All aircraft not over 5,000 lb. maximum total weight authorised when flying for the purpose of public transport under Visual Flight Rules:

(i) over a route on which navigation is not affected solely by visual reference to landmarks       . .        . .       . .        . .        

A        

B                                            

(ii) over water, beyond gliding distance from any land. .        . .       . .        . .      

A                                                        

*Unless the appropriate Air Traffic Control Unit otherwise permits in relation to the particular flight.

3. The scales of radio apparatus indicated in the foregoing table shall be as follows:

Scale A

Radio apparatus capable of maintaining two-way communication with the appropriate aeronautical radio stations.

Scale B

Radio apparatus capable of enabling the aircraft to be navigated on the intended route including such apparatus as may be prescribed.

Scale C

Radio apparatus capable of receiving from the appropriate aeronautical radio stations meteorological broadcasts relevant to the intended flight.

Scale D

Radio apparatus capable of receiving signals from one or more aeronautical radio stations on the surface to enable the aircraft to be guided to a point from which a visual landing can be made at the aerodrome at which the aircraft is to land.

SCHEDULE 7  

(Regulation 12)

Aircraft, Engine and Propeller Log Books

1. Aircraft Log Book

The following entries shall be included in the aircraft log book:

(a) the name of the constructor, the type of the aircraft, the number assigned to it by the constructor and the date of the construction of the aircraft;

(b) the nationality and registration marks of the aircraft;

(c) the name and address of the operator of the aircraft;

(d) particulars of the date and duration of each flight, or, if more than one flight was made on one day, the number of flights and total duration of flights on that day;

(e) particulars of all maintenance work carried out on the aircraft or its equipment;

(f) particulars of any defects occurring in the aircraft or in any equipment required to be carried therein by or under these Regulations, and of the action taken to rectify such defects including a reference to the relevant entries in the technical log required by regulation 7 (5) and (6);

(g) particulars of any overhauls, repairs, replacements and modifications relating to the aircraft or any such equipment as aforesaid:

Provided that entries shall not be required to be made under sub-paragraphs (e) (f) and (g) in respect of any engine or variable pitch propeller.

2. Engine Log Book

The following entries shall be included in the engine log book:

(a) the name of the constructor, the type of the engine, the number assigned to it by the constructor and the date of the construction of the engine;

(b) the nationality and registration marks of each aircraft in which the engine is fitted;

(c) the name and address of the operator of each such aircraft;

(d) particulars of the date and duration of each occasion on which the engine is run in flight, or, if the engine is run on more than one occasion on one day, the number of occasions and the total duration of the running of the engine on that day;

(e) particulars of all maintenance work done on the engine;

(f) particulars of any defects occurring in the engine, and of the rectification of such defects, including a reference to the relevant entries in the technical log required by regulation 7 (5) and (6);

(g) particulars of all overhauls, repairs, replacements and modifications relating to the engine or any of its accessories.

3. Variable Pitch Propeller Log Book

The following entries shall be included in the variable pitch propeller log book:

(a) the name of the constructor, the type of the propeller, the number assigned to it by the constructor and the date of the construction of the propeller;

(b) the nationality and registration marks of each aircraft, and the type and number of each engine to which the propeller is fitted;

(c) the name and address of the operator of each such aircraft;

(d) particulars of the date and duration of each occasion on which the propeller is run in flight or, if the propeller is run on more than one occasion on one day, the number of occasions and the total duration of the running of the propeller on that day;

(e) particulars of all maintenance work done on the propeller;

(f) particulars of any defects occurring in the propeller, and of the rectification of such defects, including a reference to the relevant entries in the technical log required by regulation 7 (5) and (6);

(g) particulars of any overhauls, repairs, replacements and modifications relating to the propeller.

SCHEDULE 8

Regulation 15 (4)

Areas Specified in Connection with the Carriage of Flight Navigators as Members of the Flight Crews of Public

Transport Aircraft

The following areas are hereby specified for the purposes of regulation 15 (4):

Area A—Arctic

All that area north of latitude 66º 33' north, excluding any part thereof lying within 300 nautical miles of Norway.

Area B—Antarctic

All that area south of latitude 50º south.

Area C—Sahara

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points:

32º north latitude 03º west longitude

24º north latitude 14º west longitude

14º north latitude 14º west longitude

18º north latitude 28º west longitude

24º north latitude 28º east longitude

28º north latitude 23º east longitude

32º north latitude 03º west longitude

Area D—Arabian Desert

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points:

30º north latitude 38º east longitude

16º north latitude 46º east longitude

20º north latitude 52º east longitude

29º north latitude 43º east longitude

30º north latitude 38º east longitude

Area E—South America (Central)

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points:

05º north latitude 75º west longitude

04º north latitude 60º west longitude

10º south latitude 40º west longitude

30º south latitude 60º west longitude

30º south latitude 70º west longitude

18º south latitude 69º west longitude

14º south latitude 75º west longitude

05º south latitude 80º west longitude

05º north latitude 75º west longitude

Area F—South America (Patagonia)

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points:

50º south latitude 75º west longitude

40º south latitude 75º west longitude

40º south latitude 62º west longitude

50º south latitude 62º west longitude

50º south latitude 75º west longitude

Area G—Pacific Ocean

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points:

50º south latitude 75º west longitude

20º south latitude 73º west longitude

05º south latitude 85º west longitude

05º north latitude 80º west longitude

15º north latitude 105º west longitude

30º north latitude 125º west longitude

55º north latitude 140º west longitude

67º north latitude 180º west longitude

60º north latitude 180º west longitude

20º north latitude 128º east longitude

04º north latitude 128º east longitude

00º north latitude 160º east longitude

50º south latitude 160º east longitude

50º south latitude 75º east longitude

excluding any part thereof lying within 300 nautical miles of New Zealand.

Area H—Australia

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points:

18º south latitude 123º east longitude

26º south latitude 118º east longitude

30º south latitude 118º east longitude

30º south latitude 145º east longitude

26º south latitude 145º east longitude

21º south latitude 140º east longitude

18º south latitude 123º east longitude,

Area I—Indian Ocean

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining successively the following points:

50º south latitude 110º east longitude

20º south latitude 110º east longitude

13º south latitude 120º east longitude

10º south latitude 100º east longitude

18º north latitude 89º east longitude

00º north latitude 80º east longitude

24º north latitude 65º east longitude

05º south latitude 43º east longitude

20º south latitude 60º east longitude

25º south latitude 60º east longitude

30º south latitude 35º east longitude

50º south latitude 35º east longitude

50º south latitude 110º east longitude.

Area J — Atlantic Ocean

All that area enclosed by rhumb lines joining sucessively the following points:

50º south latitude 15º east longitude

05º south latitude 10º east longitude

02º north latitude 05º east longitude

02º north latitude 10º west longitude

15º north latitude 25º west longitude

55º north latitude 15º west longitude

67º north latitude 40º west longitude

67º north latitude 60 west longitude

45º north latitude 45º west longitude

40º north latitude 63º west longitude

19º north latitude 63º west longitude

05º south latitude 30º west longitude

50º south latitude 35º west longitude

50º south latitude 15º east longitude.

SCHEDULE 9

(Regulation 17)

Flight Crew of Aircraft: Licences and Ratings

PART A—LICENCES

Minimum Age, Period of Validity, Privileges

1. STUDENT PILOTS

Student Pilot's Licence (Flying Machines, Balloons and Airships)

Minimum age—17 years

Maximum Period of Validity

(a) 24 months, if the holder is less than 40 years of age on the date on which the licence is granted or renewed; or

(b) 12 months, if the holder is 40 years of age or more on that date.

Privileges: The licence—

(a) shall entitle the holder to fly as pilot in command of an aircraft for the purpose of beoming qualified for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence;

(b) shall be valid only for flights within Ghana;

(c) shall not entitle the holder to fly as pilot in command of an aircraft in which any person is carried;

(d) shall be valid only for flights carried out in accordance with instructions given by a person holding a pilot's licence granted under these Regulations, being a licence which includes a flying instructor's rating or an assistant flying instructor's rating entitling him to give instruction in flying the type of aircraft to be flown.

2. AEROPLANE PILOTS

Private Pilot's Licence (Areoplanes)

Minimum age—18 years

Maximum Period of Validity—5 years

Privileges: The licence—

(i) shall entitle the holder to fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of an aeroplane of any of the types specified in the aircraft rating included in the licence, except when—

(a) the aeroplane is flying for the purpose of public transport or aerial work; or

(b) the holder of the licence receives any remuneration in respect of the flight, not being remuneration for the giving of instruction in an aeroplane owned, or operated under arrangements entered into, by a flying club of which the person giving and the person receiving the instruction are members;

(ii) shall not entitle the holder to act as pilot in command at night on a flight on which any passenger is carried unless—

(a) his licence includes a night rating (aeroplanes) and

(b) his licence includes an instrument rating (aeroplanes) or he has within the immediately preceding 6 months carried out as pilot in command not less than 5 take-offs and 5 landings at a time when the depression of the centre of the sun was not less than 12 degrees below the horizon.

Commercial Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes)

Minimum age — 18 years

Maximum Period of Validity—5 years

Privileges: In addition to the privileges given above for the Private Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes), the holder of the licence shall be entitled to fly as—

(i)  pilot in command of any aeroplane of a type specified in Part 1 of the aircraft rating included in the licence when the aeroplane is engaged in a flight for any purpose whatsoever:

Provided that—

(a) he shall not, unless his licence includes an instrument rating, fly such an aeroplane on any scheduled journey;

(b) he shall not fly such an aeroplane at night on a flight on which any passenger is carried unless his licence includes an instrument rating or he has within the immediately preceding 90 days carried out as pilot in command not less than 5 take-offs and 5 landings at a time when the depression of the centre of the sun was not less than 12 degrees below the horizon;

(c) he shall not, unless his licence includes an instrument rating, fly any such aeroplane of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 5,000 lb. on any flight for the purpose of public transport, except a flight beginning and ending at the same aerodrome and not extending beyond 25 nautical miles from that aerodrome;

(d) he shall not fly such an aeroplane on a flight for the purpose of public transport if its maximum total weight authorised exceeds 12,500 lb.;

(ii) co-pilot of any aeroplane of a type specified in Part 1 or Part 2 of such aircraft rating when the aeroplane is engaged in a flight for any purpose whatsoever.

Senior Commercial Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes)

Minimum age — 21 years

Maximum Period of Validity —5 years

Privileges: In addition to the privileges given above for the Private Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes), the holder of the licence shall be entitled to fly as—

(i) pilot in command of any aeroplane of a type specified in Part 1 of the aircraft rating included in the licence when the aeroplane is engaged in a flight for any purpose whatsoever:

Provided that—

(a) he shall not, unless his licence includes an instrument rating, fly such an aeroplane on any schedule journey;

(b) he shall not fly such an aeroplane at night on a flight on which any passenger is carried unless his licence includes an instrument rating or he has within the immediately preceding 90 days carried out as pilot in command not less than 5 take-offs and 5 landings at a time when the depression of the centre of the sun was not less than 12 degrees below the horizon;

(c) he shall not, unless his licence includes an instrument rating, fly any such aeroplane of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 5,000 lb. on any flight for the purpose of public transport, except flight beginning and ending at the same aerodrome and not extending beyond 25 nautical miles from that aerodrome;

(d) he shall not fly such an aeroplane on a flight for the purpose of public transport if its maximum total weight authorised exceeds 45,000 lb.;

(ii) co-pilot of any aeroplane of a type specified in Part 1 or Part 2 of such aircraft rating when the aeroplane is engaged in a flight for any purpose whatsoever.

Airline Transport Pilots' Licence (Aeroplanes)

Minimum age — 21 years

Maximum Period of Validity — 5 years

Privileges: In addition to the privileges given above for the Private Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes), the holder of the licence shall be entitled to fly as—

(i) pilot in command of any aeroplane of a type specified in Part 1 of the aircraft rating included in the licence when the aeroplane is engaged in a flight for any purpose whatsoever:

Provided that—

(a)  he shall not, unless his licence includes an instrument rating, fly such an aeroplane on any scheduled journey;

(b) he shall not fly such an aeroplane at night on a flight on which any passenger is carried unless his licence includes an instrument rating or he has within the immediately preceding 90 days carried out as pilot in command not less than 5 take-offs and 5 landings at a time when the depression of the centre of the sun was not less than 12 degrees below the horizon;

(c) he shall not, unless his licence includes an instrument rating, fly any such aeroplane of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 5,000 lb. on any flight for the purpose of public transport, except a flight beginning and ending at the same aerodrome and not extending beyond 25 nautical miles from that aerodrome;

(d) he shall not at any time after he attains the age of 60 years, fly such an aeroplane of a flight for the purpose of public transport if its maxiinum total weight authorised exceeds 45,000 lb.;

(ii) co-pilot of any aeroplane of type specified in Part 1 or Part 2 of such aircraft rating when the aeroplane is engaged in a flight for any purpose whatsoever.

3. HELICOPTER AND GYROPLANE PILOTS

Private Pilot's Licence (Helicopters and Gyroplanes)

Minimum age — 18 years

Maximum Period of Validity — 5 years

Privileges: The licence—

(i) shall entitle the holder to fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of a helicopter or gyroplane of any of the types specified in the aircraft rating included in the licence, except when—

(a) the helicopter or gyroplane is flying for the purpose of public transport or aerial work; or

(b) the holder of the licence receives any remuneration in respect of the flight, not being remuneration for the giving of instruction in a helicopter or gyroplane owned, or operated under arrangements entered into, by a flying club of which the person giving and the person receiving the instruction are members;

(ii) shall not entitle the holder to act as pilot in command at night on a flight on which any passenger is carried unless his licence includes a night rating (helicopters and gyroplanes) and he has within the preceding 90 days carried out as pilot in command not less than 5 flights each consisting of a take-off, a transition from hover to forward flight, a climb to at least 500 ft., and a landing, at a time when the depression of the centre of the sun was not less than 12 degrees below the horizon.

Commercial Pilot's Licence (Helicopters and Gyroplanes)

Minimum age — 18 years

Maximum Period of Validity — 5 years

Privileges: In addition to the privileges given above for the Private Pilot's Licence (Helicopters and Gyroplanes), the holder of the licence shall be entitled to fly as—

(i)  pilot in command of any helicopter or gyroplane of a type specified in Part 1 of the aircraft rating included in the licence when the helicopter or gyroplane is engaged on a flight for any purpose whatsoever.

Provided that—

(a) he shall not fly such a helicopter or gyroplane at night on a flight on which any passenger is carried unless he has within the preceding 90 days carried out as pilot in command not less than 5 flights, each consisting of a take-off, a transition from hover to forward flight, a climb to at least 500 ft., and landing, at a time when the depression of the centre of the sun was not less than 12 degrees below the horizon;

(b) he shall not fly such a helicopter or gyroplane on a flight for the purpose of public transport if its maximum total weight authorised exceeds 12,500 lb.;

(ii) co-pilot of any helicopter or gyroplane of a type specified in Part 1 or Part 2 of such aircraft rating when the helicopter or gyroplane is engaged in a flight for any purpose whatsoever.

Airline Transport Pilot's Licence (Helicopters and Gyroplanes)

Minimum age — 21 years

Maximum Period of Validity — 5 years

Privileges: In addition to the privileges given above for the Private Pilot's Licence (Helicopters and Gyroplanes) the holder of the licence shall be entitled to fly as—

(i) pilot in command of any helicopter or gyroplane of a type specified in Part 1 of the aircraft rating included in the licence when the helicopter or gyroplane is engaged in a flight for any purpose whatsoever:

Provided that he shall not fly such a helicopter or gyroplane at night on a flight on which any passenger is carried unless he has within the immediately preceding 90 days carried out as pilot in command not less than 5 flights, each consisting of a take-off, a transition from hover to forward flight, a climb to at least 500 ft., and a landing, at a time when the depression of the centre of the sun was not less than 12 degrees below the horizon;

(ii) co-pilot of any helicopter or gyroplane of a type specified in Part 1 or Part 2 of such aircraft rating when the helicopter or gyroplane is engaged in a flight for any purpose whatsoever.

4. BALLOON PILOTS

Private Pilot's Licence (Balloons)

Minimum age — 18 years

Maximum Period of Validity—

(a) 24 months, if the holder is less than 40 years of age on the date on which the licence is granted or renewed, or

(b) 12 months, if the holder is 40 years of age or more on that date.

Privileges: The holder of the licence shall be entitled to fly, when the balloon is flying for any purpose other than public transport or aerial work as

(i) pilot in command of any type of balloon specified in Part 1 of the aircraft type rating included in the licence;

(ii) co-pilot of any type of balloon specified in Part 1 or Part 2 of such aircraft rating.

Commercial Pilot's Licence (Balloons)

Minimum age —18 years

Maximum Period of Validity — 6 months

Privileges: In addition to the privileges given above for the Private Pilot's Licence in respect of balloons, the holder of the licence shall be entitled to fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of any type of balloon specified in the aircraft rating included in the licence.

5. GLIDER PILOTS

Commercial Pilot's Licence (Gliders)

Minimum age —18 years

Maximum Period of Validity — 6 months

Privileges: The holder of the licence shall be entitled to fly as pilot in command or co-pilot of

(a) any glider of which the maximum total weight authorised does not exceed 1,500 lb.;

(b) any glider of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 1,500 lb. and which is of a type specified in the rating included in the licence.

6. OTHER FLIGHT CREW

Flight Navigator's Licence

Minimum age — 21 years

Maximum Period of Validity — 12 months

Privileges: The holder of the licence shall be entitled to act as flight navigator in any aircraft.

Flight Engineer's Licence

Minimum age — 21 years

Maximum Period of Validity —12 months

Privileges: The holder of the licence shall be entitled to act as fight engineer in any type of aircraft specified in the aircraft rating included in the licence.

Flight Radiotelephony Operator's General Licence

Minimum age —18 years

Maximum Period of Validity — 5 years

Privileges: The holder of the licence shall be entitled to operate radiotelephony apparatus in any aircraft.

Flight Radiotelephony  Operator's Restricted Licence

Minimum age—17 years

Maximum Period of Validity—5 years

Privileges: The holder of the licence shall be entitled to operate radiotelephony apparatus in any aircraft if the stability of the frequency radiated by the transmitter is maintained automatically but shall not be entitled to operate the transmitter, or to adjust its frequency, except by the use of external switching devices.

Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator's Licence

Minimum age —20 years

Maximum Period of Validity —12 months

Privileges: The holder of the licence shall be entitled to operate radiotelegraphy and radiotelephony apparatus in any aircraft.

Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator's Temporary Licence

Minimum age—18 years

Maximum Period of Validity —12 months

Privileges; The holder of the licence shall be entitled to operate radiotelegraphy and  radiotelephony apparatus in any aircraft under the supervision of a person who is the holder of a flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence.

PART B—RATINGS

1. The following ratings may be included in a pilot's licence (other than a student pilot's licence)  granted under Part IV of these Regulations, and, subject to the provisions of these Regulations and of the licence, the inclusion of a rating in a licence shall have the consequences respectively specified as follows:—

Aircraft Rating.  The licence shall entitle the holder to act as pilot only of aircraft of the types specified in the aircraft rating and different types of aircraft may be specified in respect of different privileges of a licence.

Instrument Rating (Aeroplanes) shall entitle the holder of the licence to act as pilot of an aeroplane flying in controlled airspace in accordance with the instrument flight rules.

Night Rating (Aeroplanes) shall entitle the holder of a private pilot's licence (aeroplanes) to act as pilot in command at night of an aeroplane in which any passenger is carried.

Night Rating (Helicopters and Gyroplanes) shall entitle the holder of a private pilot's licence (helicopters and gyroplanes) to act as pilot in command at night of a helicopter or gyroplane in which any passenger is carried.

Towing Rating (Flying Machines) shall entitle the holder of the licence to act as pilot of a flying machine while towing a glider in flight for the purpose of public transport or aerial work.

Flying Instructor's Rating shall entitle the holder of the licence to give instruction in flying aircraft of such types as may be specified in the rating for that purpose.

Assistant Flying Instructor's Rating shall entitle the holder of the licence to give instruction in flying aircraft of such types as may be specified in the rating for that purpose:

Provided that—

(a) such instruction shall only be given under the supervision of a person present during the take-off and landing at the aerodrome at which the instruction is to begin and end and holding a pilot's licence endorsed with a flying instructor's rating; and

(b) an assistant flying instructor's rating shall not entitle the holder of the licence to give directions to the person undergoing instruction in respect of the performance by that person:

(i) his first solo flight; or

(ii) his first solo flight by night; or

(iii) his first solo cross-country flight otherwise than by night; or

(iv) his first solo cross-country flight by night.

2. An aircraft rating may be included in every flight engineer's licence. The licence shall entitle the holder to act as flight engineer only of aircraft of a type specified in the aircraft rating.

3. For the purposes of this Schedule:

"Solo flight" means a flight on which the pilot of the aircraft is not accompanied by a person holding a pilot's licence granted or rendered valid under these Regulations.

"Cross-country flight" means any flight during the course of which the aircraft is more than 3 miles from the aerodrome of departure.

PART C — CERTIFICATE OF TEST OR EXPERIENCE

(AIRCRAFT RATING)

Paragraph 1—Person who may sign Certificate.

A certificate of test or a certificate of experience required by proviso (d) to regulation 17 (2) shall be signed by a person authorised by the Director to sign certificates of that kind and shall comply with the following provisions of this Part of this Schedule.

Paragraph 2—Matters to be Certified.

The certificate shall certify the following particulars:—

(a) the date on which it was signed;

(b) (i) in the case of a certificate of test, that the person signing the certificate is satisfied that on a date specified in the certificate the holder of the licence of which the certificate forms part passed a flying test;

(ii) in the case of a certificate of experience, that on the date on which the certificate was signed the holder of the licence of which it forms part produced his personal flying log book to the person signing the certificate and satisfied him that he had five hours' experience as a pilot of aircraft within the period of 6 months or 13 months preceding that date, whichever is the case;

(c) the type of aircraft or apparatus in or by means of which the test was conducted, or the type or types of aircraft in which the experience was gained;

(d) whether the test or experience was in the capacity of pilot in command or co-pilot.

Paragraph 3—Nature of Flying Test.

The flying test referred to in paragraph 2 of this Part of this Schedule shall be a test of the pilot's competence to fly the aircraft as pilot in command or co-pilot and may, at the discretion of Director, be conducted either in an aircraft in flight or by means of apparatus approved by the Director in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground.

Paragraph 4—

For the purposes of this Part of this Schedule, flights shall be divided into Groups according to the following Table:

Group CIRCUMSTANCES OF FLIGHT    

Aircraft flown  Remuneration of licence-holder in respect of flight          

Other

circumstances          

A         Single-engined aircraft below 12, 500 1b.*           Unremunerated         Not public transport or aerial work.  

B         Multi-engined aircraft below 12,500 1b.*   Unremunerated         Not public transport or aerial work.

C         Any aircraft     Remunerated Not public transport or aerial work.

D         Any aircraft     Remunerated Not public transport, aerial work or carriage of passengers.      

E         Any aircraft     Remunerated For the carriage of passengers but not for public transport or aerial work.           

F          Any aircraft     Remunerated or Unremunerated.   For aerial work         

G         Any aircraft     Remunerated or Unremunerated.   For public transport  

*Maximum total weight authorised

Paragraph  5—Requirement of test or experience

A certificate shall not be appropriate to the functions to be performed on flights in Group E or G unless it is a certificate of test, but in the case of Groups A, B, C, D and F it may be either a certificate of test or a certificate of experience.

Paragraph 6—Type or Class of Aircraft

(1) A certificate of test shall not be appropriate to the functions to be performed unless it certifies that the test was conducted as follows:—

For the purposes of Group A: in an aircraft of the same class as that in which the functions are to be performed;

For the purposes of Group B; in a multi-engined aircraft of the same class as that in which the functions are to be performed;

For the purposes of Groups C to G: in an aircraft of the same type as that in which the functions are to be performed or by means of apparatus approved by the Director in which flight conditions in such an aircraft are simulated on the ground.

(2) A certificate of experience shall not be appropriate to the functions to be performed unless it certifies that the experience was gained as follows:

For the purposes of Group A: 5 hours' experience in an aircraft of the same class as that in which the functions are to be performed, of which at least one flight shall have been in a multi-engined aircraft;

For the purposes of Groups C, D and F: 5 hours' experience in an aircraft of the same class as that in which the functions are to be performed of which at least one flight shall have been in an aircraft of the same type as that in which the functions are to be performed.

(3) For the purposes of this paragraph the class to which an aircraft belongs shall be determined according to column 4 of the Table in Part A of Schedule 1.

Paragraph 7—Capacity in which Functions are Performed

A certificate of test or of experience in the capacity of pilot in command shall be appropriate to functions performed in the capacity of pilot in command or co-pilot.  A certificate of test or of experience in the capacity of co-pilot shall be appropriate to functions performed in the capacity of co-pilot.

Paragraph 8—Period of Experience

A certificate of experience shall have no effect unless the experience certified was gained within the period of 13 months preceding the signing of the certificate in the case of Groups A to D 6 months preceding the signing of the certificate in the case of Group F.

Paragraph 9—Period of Validity of Certificate

(a) A certificate of test shall not be valid in relation to a flight made more than 13 months in the case of Groups A to E, or 6 months in the case of Groups F and G, after the date of the flying test which it certifies:

Provided that in the case of Groups F and G two certificates of test shall together be deemed to constitute a valid certificate if they certify flying tests conducted on two occasions within the period of 13 months preceding the flight on which the functions are to be performed, such occasions being separated by an interval of not less than 4 months, and if both certificates are appropriate to those functions.

(b) A certificate of experience shall not be valid in relation to a flight made more than 6 months after it was signed in the case of Group F or more than 13 months after it was signed in the case of any other Group.

SCHEDULE 10

(Regulation 22)

PUBLIC TRANSPORT — OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT

PART A—OPERATIONS MANUAL

Information and instructions relating to the following matters shall be included in the operations manual referred to in regulation 22 (2):—

(i) the number of the crew to be carried in the aircraft, on each stage of any route to be flown, and the respective capacities in which they are to act and instructions as to the order and circumstances in which command is to be assumed by members of the crew;

(ii) the respective duties of each member of the crew and the other members of the operating staff;

(iii) the particulars referred to in regulation 47 (7);

(iv) such technical particulars concerning the aircraft, its engines and equipment and concerning the performance of the aircraft as may be necessary to enable the flight crew of the aircraft to perform their respective duties;

(v)  the manner in which the quantities of fuel and oil to be carried by the aircraft are to be computed and records of fuel and oil carried and consumed on each stage of the route to be flown are to be maintained; the instructions shall take account of all circumstances likely to be encountered on the flight including the possibility of failure of one or more of the aircraft engines;

(vi)  the manner in which the quantity, if any, of oxygen and oxygen equipment to be carried in the aircraft for the purpose of complying with Scale K in Schedule 5 is to be computed;

(vii) the check system to be followed by the crew of the aircraft prior to and on take-off, on landing and in an emergency, so as to ensure that the operating procedures contained in the operations manual and in the flight manual or performance schedule forming part of the relevant certificate of airworthiness are complied with;

(viii)  the circumstances in which a radio watch is to be maintained;

(ix)    the circumstances in which oxygen is to be used by the crew of the aircraft, and by passengers;

(x) communication, navigational aids, aerodromes, local regulations, in-flight procedures, approach and land in procedures and such other information as the operator may deem necessary for the proper conduct of flight operations; the information referred to in this paragraph shall be contained in a route guide, which may be in the form of a separate volume;

(xi)   the reporting in flight to the notified authorities of meteorological observations;

(xii)  the minimum altitudes for safe flight on each stage of the route to be flown and any planned diversion therefrom, such minimum latitudes being not lower than any which may be applicable under the law of the Republic of Ghana or of the countries whose territory is to be flown over;

(xiii) such matters as may be prescribed relating to weather conditions for take-off and landing;

(xiv) emergency flight procedures, including procedures for the instruction of passengers in the position and use of emergency equipment and procedures to be adopted when the commander of the aircraft becomes aware that another aircraft or a vessel is in distress and needs assistance:

Provided that in relation to any flight which is not one of a series of flight between the same two places it shall be sufficient if, to the extent that it is not practicable to comply with paragraphs (x) and (xii), the manual contains such information and instructions as will enable the equivalent data to be ascertained before take-off.

PART B—CREW TRAINING AND TESTS

Regulation 23

1. The training, experience, practice and periodical tests required under regulation 23 (2) in the case of members of the crew of an aircraft engaged on a flight for the purpose of public transport shall be as follows:—

(1) The Crew

Every member of the crew shall—

(a) have been tested within the relevant period by or on behalf of the operator as to his  knowledge of the use of the emergency and life saving equipment required to be carried in the aircraft on the flight; and

(b) have practised within the relevant period under the supervision of the operator or of a person appointed by him for  the purpose the carrying out of the duties required of him in case of an emergency occurring to the aircraft, either in an aircraft of the type to be used on the flight or in apparatus approved by the Director for the purpose and controlled by persons so approved.

(2) Pilots

(a) Every pilot included in the flight crew who is intend by the operator to fly as pilot in circumstances requiring compliance with the Instrument Flight Rules shall within the relevant period have been tested by or on behalf of the operator—

(i) as to his competence to perform his duties while executing normal manoeuvres and procedures in flight, in an aircraft of the type to be used on the flight, including the use of the instruments and equipment provided in the aircraft;

(ii) as to his competence to perform his duties in instrument flight conditions while executing emergency manoeuvres and procedures in flight, in an aircraft of the type to be used on the flight including the use of the instrument and equipment provided in the aircraft.

A pilot's ability to carry out normal manoeuvres and procedures shall be tested in the aircraft in flight.

The other tests required by this sub-paragraph may be conducted either in the aircraft in flight, or under the supervision of a person approved by the Director for the purpose by means of  apparatus so approved in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground.  The tests specified in sub-paragraph (2) (a) (ii) of this paragraph when conducted in the aircraft in flight shall be carried out either in actual instrument flight conditions or in instrument flight conditions simulated by means approved by the Director.

(b) Every pilot included in the flight crew whose licence does not include an instrument rating or who, notwithstanding the inclusion of such a rating in his licence, is not intended by the operator to fly in circumstances requiring compliance with the Instrument Flight Rules, shall within the relevant period have been tested, by or on behalf of the operator in flight in an aircraft of the type to be used on the flight

(i) as to his competence to act as pilot thereof,  while  executing  normal manoeuvres and procedures, and

(ii) as to his competence to act as pilot thereof while executing emergency manoeuvres and procedures.

(3) Flight Engineers

Every flight engineer included in the flight crew shall within the relevant period have been tested by or on behalf of the operator, either in flight, or, under the supervision of a person approved by the Director for the purpose, by means of apparatus so approved in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground, as to his competence to perform the duties of flight engineer in aircraft of the type to be used on the flight, including his ability to execute emergency procedures in the course of such duties.

(4) Flight Navigators and Flight Radio Operators

Every flight navigator and flight radio operator whose inclusion in the flight crew is required under regulation 15 (4) and (5) respectively shall within the relevant period have been tested by or on behalf of the operator as to his competence to perform his duties in conditions corresponding to those likely to be encountered on the flight—

(a) in the case of a flight navigator, using equipment of the type to be used in the aircraft on the flight for purposes of navigation;

(b) in the case of a flight radio operator using radio equipment of the type installed in the aircraft to be used on the flight, and including a test of his ability to carry out emergency procedures.

Aircraft Commanders

(a) The pilot designated as commander of the aircraft for the flight shall within the relevant period—

(i) have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the operator that he has adequate knowledge of the route to be taken the aerodromes, of take-off and landing, and any alternate aerodromes, including in particular his knowledge of the terrain,

the seasonal meteorological conditions,

the meteorological, communications, and air traffic facilities, services and procedures,

the search and rescue procedures, and the navigational facilities.

relevant to the route;

(ii) have been tested as to his proficiency in using instrument approach-to-land systems of the type in use at the aerodrome of intended landing and any alternate aerodromes, such test being carried out either in flight in instrument flight conditions or in instrument flight conditions simulated by means approved by the Director or under the supervision of a person approved by the Director for the purpose by means of apparatus so approved in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground;

(iii) have carried out as pilot in command not less than three take-offs and three landings in aircraft of the type to be used on the flight.

(b) in determining whether a pilot's knowledge of the matters referred to in sub-paragraph (a) (i) is sufficient to render him competent to perform the duties of aircraft commander on the flight, the operator shall take into account the pilot's flying experience in conjunction with the following:—

(i)   the experience of other members of the intended flight crew;

(ii)  the influence of terrain and obstructions on departure and approach procedures at the aerodromes of take-off and intended landing and at alternate aerodromes;

(iii) the similarity of the instrument approach procedures and let down aids to those with which the pilot is familiar;

(iv) the dimensions of runways which may be used in the course of the flight in relation to the performance limits of aircraft of the type to be used on the flight;

(v) the reliability of meteorological forecasts and the probability of difficult meteorological conditions in the areas to be traversed;

(vi) the adequacy of the information available regarding the aerodrome of intended landing and any alternate aerodromes;

(vii) the nature of air traffic control procedures and familiarity of the pilot with such procedures;

(viii) the influence of terrain on route conditions and the extent of the assistance obtainable en route from navigational aids and air-to-ground communication facilities;

(ix) the extent to which it is possible for the pilot to become familiar with unusual aerodrome procedures and features of the route by means of ground instruction and training devices.

(6) For the purposes of this paragraph—

"instrument flight conditions" means weather conditions such that the pilot is unable to fly by visual reference to objects outside the aircraft;

"relevant period" means a period which immediately precedes the commencement of the flight, being a period—

(a) in the case of sub-paragraph (5) (a) (iii) of this paragraph, of three months;

(b) in the case of sub-paragraph, (5) (a) (ii), (3) and (5) (a) (ii) of this paragraph, of six months;

(c) in the case of sub-paragraphs (1), (2) (a) (i), (2) (b) (i), (4) and (5) (a) (i) of this paragraph, of thirteen months:

Provided that—

(i) any pilot of the aircraft to whom the provisions of sub-paragraphs (2) (a) (ii), (2) (b) (ii), or (5) (a) (ii) and any flight engineer of the aircraft to whom the provisions of sub-paragraph (3) of this paragraph apply shall for the purposes of the flight be deemed to have complied with such requirements respectively within the relevant period if he has qualified to perform his duties in accordance therewith on two occasions within the period of thirteen months immediately preceding the flight, such occasions being separated by an interval of not less than four months;

(ii) the requirements of sub-paragraph (5) (a) (i) shall be deemed to have been complied with within the relevant period by a pilot designated as commander of the aircraft for the flight if, having become qualified so to act on flights between the same places over the same route more than thirteen months before commencement of the flight, he has within the period of thirteen months immediately preceding the flight flown as pilot of an aircraft between those places over that route.

2. (1) The records required to be maintained by an operator under regulation 23 (2) shall be accurate and up-to-date records so kept as to show, on any date, in relation to each person who has during the period of two years immediately preceding that date flown as a member of the crew of any public transport aircraft operated by that operator—

(a) the date and particulars of each test required by this Schedule undergone by that person during the said period including the name and qualifications of the examiner;

(b) the date upon which that person last practised the carrying out of duties referred to in paragraph 1 (1) (b) of this Schedule;

(c) the operator's conclusions based on each such test and practice as to that person's competence to perform his duties;

(d) the date and particulars of any decision taken by the operator during the said period in pursuance of paragraph 1 (5) (a) (i) of this Schedule including particulars of the evidence upon which that decision was based.

(2) The operator shall whenever called upon to do so by any authorised person produce for the inspection of any person so authorised all records referred to in the preceding sub-paragraph and furnish to any such person all such information as he may require in connection with any such records and produce for his inspection all log books, certificates, papers and other documents whatsoever which he may reasonably require to see for the purpose of determining whether such records are complete or of verifying the accuracy of their contents.

(3) The operator shall at the request of any person in respect of whom he is required to keep records as aforesaid supply to that person, or to any operator of aircraft for the purpose of public transport by whom that person may subsequently be employed, particulars of any qualifications in accordance with this Schedule obtained by such person whilst in his service.

SCHEDULE 11

(Regulation 53 and 54)

DOCUMENTS TO BE CARRIED BY AIRCRAFT REGISTERED IN GHANA

On a flight for the purpose of public transport:

Documents A, B, C, E, F, H and, if the flight is international air navigation, document G.

On a flight for the purpose of aerial work:

Documents A, B, C, E, F and, if the flight is international air navigation, document G.

On a flight, being international air navigation, for a purpose other than public transport or aerial work:

Documents A, B, C and G.

For the purposes of this Schedule:

"A" means the licence in force issued by the Director in respect of the aircraft radio station installed in the aircraft, and the current telecommunication log book required by these Regulations;

"B" means the certificate of airworthiness in force in respect of the aircraft;

"C" means the licences of the members of the flight crew of the aircraft;

"D" means one copy of the load sheet, if any, required by Regulation 24 in respect of the flight;

"E" means one copy of each certificate of maintenance, if any, in force in respect of the aircraft;

"F" means the technical log, if any, in which entries are required to be made under regulation 7 (5);

"G" means the certificate of registration in force in respect of the aircraft;

"H" means the operations manual if any, required by regulation 22 (2) (a) (iii) to be carried on the flight.

For the purposes of this Schedule:

"International air navigation" means any flight which includes passage over the territory of any country other than Ghana.

By Command of the President.

HARONA ESSEKU

Minister of Transport and Communications

Date of Gazette Notification: 18th December, 1970.