COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND
ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE ACT, 1993
(ACT 456)
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Section
PART I—ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMISSION
ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND ADMINISTRATIVE
JUSTICE.
1. Establishment of the
Commission.
2. Composition of the Commission.
3. Qualification of Commissioners.
4. Terms and Conditions of Service
of Commissioners.
5. Removal of Commissioners.
6. Independence of Commission and
Commissioners.
PART II—FUNCTIONS OF THE
COMMISSION
7. Functions of the Commission.
8. Special Powers of
Investigation.
9. Initiation of Legal
Proceedings.
10. Regional and District Branches
of Commission.
11. Functions of Regional and
District Representative of
Commission.
PART III—PROVISIONS RELATING TO
COMPLAINTS AND INVESTIGATIONS
12. Provisions Relating to
Complaints.
13. Refusal to Investigate.
14. Procedure in Respect of
Investigations.
15. Evidence at Investigations.
16. Production of Official
Documents.
17. Maintenance of Secrecy.
PART IV—PROCEDURE AFTER
INVESTIGATION BY THE COMMISSION
18. Procedure after
Investigations.
19. Reports of Commissioner.
PART V—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
20. Appointment of Staff.
21. Expenses of Commission Charged
on Consolidated Fund.
22. Proceedings Privileged.
23. Entry of Premises.
24. Offences and Penalties.
25. Provisions of this Act to be
in Addition to Provisions of any
other Law.
26. Regulations.
27. Interpretation.
28. Repeal and Saving.
THE FOUR HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIXTH
ACT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF THE
REPUBLIC OF GHANA
ENTITLED
THE COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND
ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE ACT, 1993
AN ACT to establish a Commission
on Human Rights and Administrative
Justice to investigate complaints
of violations of fundamental human
rights and freedoms, injustice and
corruption; abuse of power and
unfair treatment of persons by
public officers in the exercise of
their duties, with power to seek
remedy in respect of such acts or
omissions and to provide for other
related purposes.
DATE OF ASSENT: 6TH JULY, 1993
BE IT ENACTED by Parliament as
follows
PART I— ESTABLISHMENT OF
COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND
ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE.
Section 1—Establishment of the
Commission.
There is established by this Act a
body to be known as the Commission
on Human Rights and Administrative
Justice in this Act referred to as
"the Commission".
Section 2—Composition of the
Commission.
(1) The Commission shall consist
of
(a) a Commissioner for Human
Rights and Administrative Justice
in this Act referred to as "the
Commissioner"; and
(b) two Deputy Commissioners for
Human Rights and Administrative
Justice, in this Act referred to
as "the Deputy Commissioners".
(2) The President shall, acting in
consultation with the Council of
State appoint the Commissioner and
the Deputy Commissioners.
Section 3—Qualification of
Commissioners.
(1) A person shall not be
qualified for appointment as a
Commissioner or a Deputy
Commissioner for Human Rights and
Administrative Justice, unless he
is¾
(a) in the case of the
Commissioner, qualified for
appointment as a Justice of the
Court of Appeal; and
(b) in the case of a Deputy
Commissioner, qualified for
appointment as a Justice of the
High Court.
(2) The Commissioner and Deputy
Commissioners shall not while
holding office as Commissioners
hold any other public office.
Section 4—Terms and Conditions of
Service of Commissioners.
(1) The Commissioner and Deputy
Commissioners shall enjoy the
terms and conditions of service of
a Justice of the Court of Appeal
and High Court respectively.
(2) The Commissioner and Deputy
Commissioners shall cease to hold
office upon attaining the ages of
seventy and sixty-five years
respectively.
(3) Where the Commissioner or a
Deputy Commissioner dies, resigns
or is removed from office or is
for any other reason unable to
perform the functions of his
office, the President shall,
acting in consultation with the
Council of State, appoint a person
qualified to be appointed
Commissioner or Deputy
Commissioner to perform those
functions until the appointment of
a new Commissioner or Deputy
Commissioner.
Section 5—Removal of
Commissioners.
The procedure for the removal of
the Commissioner and Deputy
Commissioners shall be the same as
that provided for the removal of a
Justice of the Court of Appeal and
a Justice of the High Court
respectively under article 146 of
the Constitution.
Section 6—Independence of
Commission and Commissioners.
Except as provided by the
Constitution or by any other law
not inconsistent with the
Constitution, the Commission and
the Commissioners shall, in the
performance of their functions not
be subject to the direction or
control of any person or
authority.
PART II—FUNCTIONS OF THE
COMMISSION
Section 7—Functions of the
Commission.
The functions of the Commission
are-
(a) to investigate complaints of
violations of fundamental rights
and freedoms, injustice,
corruption, abuse of power and
unfair treatment of any person by
a public officer in the exercise
of his official duties;
(b) to investigate complaints
concerning the functioning of the
Public Services Commission, the
administrative organs of the
State, the offices of the Regional
Co-ordinating Council and the
District Assembly, the Armed
Forces, the Police Service and the
Prisons Service in so far as the
complaints relate to the failure
to achieve a balanced structuring
of those services or fair
administration in relation to
those services;
(c) to investigate complaints
concerning practices and actions
by persons, private enterprises
and other institutions where those
complaints allege violations of
fundamental rights and freedoms
under the Constitution;
(d) to take appropriate action to
call for the remedying, correction
and reversal of instances
specified in paragraphs (a), (b)
and (c) of this subsection through
such means as are fair, proper and
effective, including¾
(i)
negotiation and compromise between
the parties concerned;
(ii) causing the complaint and its
finding on it to be reported to
the superior of an offending
person;
(iii) bringing proceedings in a
competent court for a remedy to
secure the termination of the
offending action or conduct, or
the abandonment or alteration of
the offending procedures; and
(iv) bringing proceedings to
restrain the enforcement of such
legislation or regulation by
challenging its validity if the
offending action or conduct is
sought to be justified by
subordinate legislation or
regulation which is unreasonable
or otherwise ultra vires;
(e) to investigate allegations
that a public officer has
contravened or has not complied
with a provision of Chapter
Twenty-four (Code of Conduct for
Public Officers) of the
Constitution;
(f) to investigate all instances
of alleged or suspected corruption
and the misappropriate steps,
including reports to the
Attorney-General and the
Auditor-General, resulting from
such investigation;
(g) to educate the public as to
human rights and freedoms by such
means as the Commissioner may
decide, including publications,
lectures and symposia; and
(h) to report annually to
Parliament on the performance of
its functions.
(2) All costs and expenses related
to investigations conducted by the
Commission into a complaint shall
be borne by the Commission.
Section 8—Special Powers of
Investigation.
(1) The Commission shall for the
purposes of performing its
functions under this Act, have
power-
(a) to issue subpoenas requiring
the attendance of any person
before the Commission and the
production of any document or
record relevant to any
investigation by the Commission;
(b) to cause any person
contemptuous of any such subpoena
to be prosecuted before a
competent court;
(c) to question any person in
respect of any subject matter
under investigation before the
Commission;
(d) to require any person to
disclose truthfully and frankly
any information within his
knowledge relevant to any
investigation by the Commissioner.
(2) The Commissioner shall not
investigate-
(a) a matter which is pending
before a court or judicial
tribunal; or
(b) a matter involving the
relations or dealings between the
Government and any other
Government or an international
organisation; or
(c) a matter relating to the
exercise of the prerogative of
mercy.
Section 9—Initiation of Legal
Proceedings.
For the purposes of performing his
functions under the Constitution,
this Act and any other law, the
Commissioner may bring an action
before any court in Ghana and may
seek any remedy which may be
available from that court.
Section 10—Regional and District
Branches of Commission.
(1) There shall be established in
each Region and District of Ghana
Regional and District branches
respectively of the Commission.
(2) There shall be appointed by
the Commission an officer who
shall be the head of a Regional or
District branch of the Commission.
(3) The Commission may create such
other lower structures as would
facilitate its operations.
Section 11—Functions of Regional
and District Representative of
Commission.
(1) A representative of the
Commission in a Regional or
District office of the Commission
shall
(a) receive complaints from the
public in the Region or District;
(b) make such on-the-spot
investigation as may be necessary;
and
(c) discharge any other duties
relating to the functions of the
Commission that may be assigned to
him by the Commissioner.
PART III—PROVISIONS RELATING TO
COMPLAINTS AND INVESTIGATIONS
Section 12—Provisions Relating to
Complaints.
(1) A complaint to the Commission
shall be made in writing or orally
to the national offices of the
Commission or to a representative
of the Commission in the Regional
or District branch.
(2) Where a complaint is made in
writing it shall be signed by the
complainant or his agent.
(3) Where a complaint is made
orally, the person to whom the
complaint is made shall reduce the
complaint into writing and shall
append his signature and the
signature or thumbprint of the
complainant.
(4) Notwithstanding any law to
the contrary, where a letter
written by¾
(a) a person in custody; or
(b) a patient in a hospital, is
addressed to the Commission, it
shall be immediately forwarded,
unopened and unaltered to the
Commission by the person for the
time being in charge of the place
or institution where the writer of
the letter is detained or of which
he is a patient.
(5) A complaint under this Act
may be made by any individual or a
body of persons whether corporate
or unincorporated.
(6) Where a person by whom a
complaint might have been made
under this Act has died or is for
any sufficient reason unable to
act for himself, the complaint may
be made by his personal
representative or by a member of
his family or other individual
suitable to represent him.
Section 13—Refusal to Investigate.
(1) Where in the course of the
investigation of any complaint it
appears to the Commission-
(a) that under the law or existing
administrative practice there is
adequate remedy for the complaint,
whether or not the complainant has
availed himself of it; or
(b) that having regard to all the
circumstances of the case, any
further investigation is
unnecessary, it may refuse to
investigate the matter further.
(2) The Commission may refuse to
investigate or cease to
investigate any complaint¾
(a) if the complaint relates to a
decision, recommendation, act or
omission of which the complainant
has had knowledge for more than
twelve months before the complaint
is received by the Commission; or
(b) if the Commission considers
that¾
(i)
the subject matter of the
complaint is trivial;
(ii) the complaint is frivolous
or vexatious or is not made in
good faith; or
(iii) the complainant does not
have sufficient personal interest
in the subject matter of the
complaint.
(3) Notwithstanding subsection (2)
of this section, if within six
months after the Commission's
refusal or ceasing to investigate
any complaint under this section,
fresh evidence in favour of the
complainant becomes available, the
Commission shall, at the request
of the complainant, re-open the
case.
(4) Where the Commission decides
not to investigate or to cease to
investigate a complaint, it shall
within 30 days of the decision
inform the complainant of its
decision and the reasons for so
refusing.
Section 14—Procedure in Respect of
Investigations.
(1) Where the Commission decides
to conduct an investigation under
this Act, it shall give the
authority or person concerned and
to any other person who is alleged
in the complaint to have taken or
authorised the act or omission
complained of, an opportunity to
comment on any allegations
contained in the complaint and the
representative of the authority or
person concerned shall submit his
comments within such time as the
Commission may specify.
(2) The public may be excluded
from investigations conducted by
the Commission.
(3) Without prejudice to the
generality of the provisions of
this section, the Commission may
obtain information from such
persons and in such manner, and
make such inquiries as it
considers necessary.
(4) The Commission may pay to a
person by whom a complaint is made
and to any other person who
attends and furnishes information
for the purposes of an
investigation under this Act-
(a) sums in respect of expenses
properly incurred by them; and
(b) allowances by way of
compensation for the loss of their
time, in accordance with such
scales and subject to such
conditions as may be determined by
the Commission having regard to
the rates for the time being
applicable to the courts.
Section 15—Evidence at
Investigations.
(1) Subject to this section the
Commission may require any person
who, in its opinion, is able to
give any information relating to a
matter being investigated by the
Commission—
(a) to furnish the information to
it;
(b) to produce any document, paper
or thing that in its opinion
relates to the matter being
investigated and which may be in
the possession or control of that
person.
(2) The Commission may summon
before it and examine on oath or
affirmation¾
(a) a person required to give
information or produce anything
under subsection (1) of this
section;
(b) a complainant;
(c) any other person who the
Commission considers will be able
to give information required under
subsection (1) of this section.
(3) Subject to subsection (4) of
this section, a person who is
bound by law to maintain secrecy
in relation to, or not to
disclose, any matter may not¾
(a) supply information to or
answer a question put by the
Commission in relation to that
matter; or
(b) produce to the Commission a
document, paper or thing relating
to it, if compliance with that
requirement would be in breach of
the obligation of secrecy or
non-disclosure.
(4) A person to whom subsection
(3) of this section applies may be
required by the Commission to
supply information or answer a
question or produce a document,
paper or thing that relates to a
matter under investigation; and
subject to section 16 of this Act,
it shall be the duty of that
person to comply with the
requirement.
(5) A witness before the
Commission shall be entitled to
the same privileges to which he
would have been entitled if he
were a witness before the High
Court.
(6) No person shall be liable to
prosecution for an offence under
any enactment by reason of his
compliance with a requirement of
the Commission under this section.
Section 16—Production of Official
Documents.
Article 135 of the Constitution
which relates to production of
official documents in court shall
apply to proceedings before the
Commission as it applies to
proceedings before a court.
Section 17—Maintenance of Secrecy.
(1) The Commissioner or a Deputy
Commissioner and every person
holding an office or appointment
under the Commission shall
maintain secrecy in respect of all
matters that come to their
knowledge in the exercise of their
functions.
(2) Every person holding office or
appointment under the Commission
who is likely to have access to
confidential information of the
Commission shall before proceeding
to carry out his functions under
this Act, take and subscribe to
the Oath of Secrecy set out in the
Second Schedule to the
Constitution.
(3) The Commission shall
determine the category of persons
to whom subsection (2) of this
section shall apply.
PART IV—PROCEDURE AFTER
INVESTIGATION BY THE COMMISSION
Section 18—Procedure after
Investigations.
(1) Where after making an
investigation under this Act, the
Commission is of the view that the
decision, recommendation, act or
omission that was the subject
matter of the investigation -
(a) amounts to a breach of any of
the fundamental rights and
freedoms provided in the
Constitution; or
(b) appears to have been contrary
to law; or
(c) was unreasonable, unjust,
oppressive discriminatory or was
in accordance with a rule of law
or a provision of any Act or a
practice that is unreasonable,
unjust, oppressive, or
discriminatory; or
(d) was based wholly or partly on
a mistake of law or fact; or
(e) was based on irrelevant
grounds or made for an improper
purpose; or
(f) was made in the exercise of a
discretionary power and reasons
should have been given for the
decision, the Commission shall
report its decision and the
reasons for it to the appropriate
person, Minister, department or
authority concerned and shall make
such recommendations as it thinks
fit and the Commission shall
submit a copy of its report and
recommendations to the compliant.
(2) If within three months after
the report is made no action is
taken which seems to the
Commission to be adequate and
appropriate, the Commissioner, may
after considering the comments, if
any, made by or on behalf of the
department, authority or person
against whom the complaint was
made, bring an action before any
court and seek such remedy as may
be appropriate for the enforcement
of the recommendations of the
Commission.
Section 19—Reports of
Commissioner.
(1) The Commissioner shall,
annually submit a report to
Parliament which shall include a
summary of the matters
investigated, and the action taken
on them by the Commission during
the preceding year.
(2) Parliament may debate the
report of the Commission and may
pass such resolution as it
considers fit.
(3) A resolution of Parliament
shall not alter a decision made by
a court on a matter instituted
before the court by the
Commissioner.
(4) The Commissioner may, in the
public interest or in the interest
of any person or department or any
other authority, publish reports
relating¾
(a) generally to the exercise of
the functions of the Commission
under this Act; or
(b) to any particular case
investigated by the Commission
whether or not the matters in the
report have been the subject of a
report to Parliament.
PART V—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 20—Appointment of Staff.
The appointment of officers and
other employees of the Commission
shall be made by the Commission
acting in consultation with the
Public Services Commission.
Section 21—Expenses of Commission
Charged on Consolidated Fund.
The administrative expenses of the
Commission including all salaries,
allowances and pensions payable to
or in respect of, persons serving
with the Commission are charged on
the Consolidated Fund.
Section 22—Proceedings Privileged.
(1) Subject to the supervisory
jurisdiction of the Supreme Court,
no proceedings shall lie against
the Commission or against any
person holding an office or
appointment under the Commission
for anything done, reported or
said by him in the course of the
exercise or intended exercise of
his functions under this Act,
unless it is shown that he acted
in bad faith.
(2) Anything said, any information
supplied, or any document, paper
or thing produced by any person in
the course of an inquiry by or
proceedings before the Commission
under this Act is privileged in
the same manner as if the inquiry
or proceedings were proceedings in
a court.
(3) For the purposes of the rules
of law relating to defamation any
report made by the Commission
under this Act shall be
privileged, and a fair and
accurate report on it in a
newspaper or a broadcast shall
also be privileged.
Section 23—Entry of Premises.
For the purposes of this Act, the
Commissioner or any public officer
authorised by him, may at any time
enter any premises occupied by a
department, authority or a person
to whose act or omission this Act
applies and inspect the premises
and, subject to sections 16 and 17
of this Act carry out on the
premises any investigation that is
within the jurisdiction of the
Commission.
Section 24—Offences and Penalties.
Any person who -
(a) without lawful justification
or excuse, wilfully obstruct,
hinders or resists a member of the
Commission or an officer
authorised by the Commissioner in
the exercise of any powers under
this Act; or
(b) without lawful justification
or excuse, refuses or wilfully
fails to comply with any lawful
request of the Commissioner or a
Deputy Commissioner or any other
person under this Act; or
(c) wilfully makes any false
statement to or misleads or
attempts to mislead the
Commissioner or any other person
in the exercise of his functions
under this Act,
commits an offence and is liable
on summary conviction to a fine
not exceeding ¢500,000.00 and in
default of payment to imprisonment
for a term not exceeding six
months or to both.
Section 25—Provisions of this Act
to be in Addition to Provisions of
any other Law.
The provisions of this Act are in
addition to the provisions of any
other Act or any rule of law under
which
(a) a remedy or right of appeal
or objection is provided for any
person; or
(b) any procedure is provided for
the inquiry into or investigation
of any matter, and nothing in this
Act shall be taken to limit or
affect a remedy or right of appeal
or objection or procedure.
Section 26—Regulations.
(1) Subject to the provisions of
the Constitution and to any Act of
Parliament made under the
Constitution, the Commission shall
make, by constitutional
instrument, regulations regarding
the manner and procedure for
bringing complaints before it and
the investigation of such
complaints.
(2) The exercise of the power to
make regulations may be signified
under the hand of the Commissioner
or in his absence, a Deputy
Commissioner.
Section 27—Interpretation.
In this Act a reference to a
member of a complainant's family
means-
(a) in the case of a person
belonging to a family based on the
paternal system—mother, father,
wife, son, daughter, brother,
sister, father's brother, father's
father, father's brother's son,
and brother's son;
(b) in the case of a person
belonging to a family based on the
maternal system—mother, father,
wife, son, daughter, brother,
sister, mother's mother, mother's
brother, mother's sister, sister's
son, sister's daughter, mother's
sister's son and mother's sister's
daughter".
Section 28—Repeal and Saving.
(1) The Ombudsman Act, 1980 (Act
400) is repealed.
(2) Notwithstanding the repeal of
the Ombudsman Act, 1980 (Act 400)-
(a) any regulation made under it
and in force on the coming into
force of this Act shall until
altered, amended or revoked,
continue in force and shall be
applied with such modifications as
may be necessary for giving effect
to the provisions of this Act; and
(b) any complaint pending before
the Ombudsman immediately before
the coming into force of this Act
may be proceeded with under, and
shall be subject to the provisions
of, this Act.
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