Economic
and Organised Crime Act,
2010
Act 804
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Economic and Organised Crime
Office
Establishment of the Economic
and Organised Crime Office
1.Objects
of the Office
2.Functions
of the Office
3.Governing
body of the Office
4.Functions
of the Board on policy formulation
5.Tenure
of office of members
6.Meetings
of the Board
7.Disclosure
of interest
8.Establishment
of Committees
9.Allowances
Administrative and financial
matters
11.Appointment
of Executive
12.Functions
of Executive Director
13.Appointment
of Deputy Executive Directors
14.Appointment
of other staff'
15.Funds
of the Office
16.Accounts
and audit
17.Annual
report and other reports
Powers the Office
18.Authorised
officers to excise powers of
police
19.Request
for information
20.Power
to search and remove documents
21.Obstruction
of officer of the Office
Application and pre-emptive
measures
22.Application
of this Part to PNDCL 236
23.Seizure
of currency suspected to be
proceeds of crime
24.Seizure
of tainted property
25.Power
to search for tainted property
26.Search
27.Searches
in emergencies
28.Obstruction
of search and seizure
29.Property
tracking
30.Record
of seized property
31.Return
of seized property
32.Mutual
legal assistance
33.Freezing
of property
34.Application
for freezing order
35.Issue
of freezing order
36.Effect
of freezing order
37.Breach
of freezing order
38.Duration
of freezing order
39.Review
of freezing order
40.Extension
of freezing order
Confiscation order
41.Declaration
of property and income
42.Duty
of Auditor-General to produce
copies of declaration
43.Use
of information contained in
declaration
44.Inaccurate
declaration of property and income
45.Presumption
of acquisition of property and
income
46.Application
for confiscation or pecuniary
penalty order
47.Notice
of application
48.Amendment
of application
49.Procedure
on application
50.Procedure
against property where a person
dies or absconds
51.Confiscation
order
52. Effect of confiscation order
53. Void transaction
54.Protection
of third parties
55.Quashing
of conviction on appeal not to
discharge confiscation order
56.Confiscation
where a person dies or absconds
Pecuniary penalty order
57.Payment
instead of a confiscation order
58.Application
on procedure for enforcement of
order for payment
59.Pecuniary
penalty orders
60.Lifting
the veil
61.Enforcement
of pecuniary penalty orders
62.Discharge
of pecuniary penalty orders
Production order
63.Production
order
64.Requirements
for making a production order
Realisation of property
65.Realisation
of property
66.Utilisation
of proceeds of realisable property
67.Insolvency
68.Winding
up of company holding realisable
property
Miscellaneous provisions
69.Trial
Court and proceedings
70.Collaboration
with public officers
71.Confidentiality
72.Compensation
73.Regulations
74.Interpretation
75.Consequential
amendments
76.Repeal
and savings
77.Transitional
provisions
ACT
OF THE
PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
GHANA
ENTITLED
ECONOMIC AND ORGANISED CRIME
OFFICE ACT, 201
AN ACT to establish an Economic
and Organised Crime Office as
specialised agency to monitor and
investigate economic and organisl
crime and on the authority of the
Attorney-General prosecute the
offences to recover the proceeds
of crime and provide for relatl
matters.
DATE OF ASSENT: 6th September,
2010.
PASSED by Parliament and assented
to by the President:
Economic and Organised Crime
Office
Establishment of the Economic and
Organised Crime Office
1. (1) There is established by
this Act a body corporate with
perpetu succession to be known as
the Economic and Organised Crime
Office
(2) Where there is hindrance to
the acquisition of property, the
proper may be acquired for the
Office under the State Property
and Contrac Act, 1960 (C.A.6) or
the State Lands Act, 1962 (Act
125) and the co shall be borne by
the Office.
Objects of the Office
2.
The objects of the Office are to
(a)
prevent and detect organised
crime, and
(b)
generally to facilitate the
confiscation of the proceeds of
crime
Functions of the Office
3.
The functions of the Office are to
(a)
investigate and on the authority
of the Attorney-General prosecute
serious offences that involve
(i) financial or economic loss to
the Republic or any State entity
or institution in which the State
has financial interest,
(ii) money laundering, (iii) human
trafficking,
(iv) prohibited cyber activity,
(v) tax fraud, and
(vi) other serious offences;
(b)
recover the proceeds of crime;
(c)
monitor activities connected with
the offences specified in
paragraph (a) to detect
correlative crimes;
(d)
take reasonable measures necessary
to prevent the commission of
crimes specified in paragraph
(a) and their correlative
offences;
(e)
disseminate information gathered
in the course of investigation to
law enforcement agencies, other
appropriate public agencies and
other persons the Office considers
appropriate in connection with the
offences specified in paragraph
(a);
(f)
co-operate with relevant foreign
or international agencies in
furtherance of this Act; and
(g)
perform any other functions
connected with the objects of the
Office.
Governing body of the Office
4.
(1) The governing body of the
Office is a Board consisting of
(a) a chairperson;
(b)
the Executive Director,
(c)
one representative of the
Inspector-General of Police not
below the rank of Assistant
Commissioner;
(d)
one representative of the
Narcotics Control Board not below
the rank of director,
(e)
one representative of the
Attorney-General's Office not
below the rank of Principal State
Attorney;
(f)
one representative of the Ghana
Revenue Authority not below the
rank of director;
(g)
one lawyer in private practice
with at least ten years experience
nominated by the Ghana Bar
Association;
(h)
one chartered accountant with at
least ten years experience
nominated by the Institute of
Chartered Accountants; and (i)
one person with intelligence
background and not below the rank
of director nominated by the
Minister responsible for National
Security.
(2) The President shall appoint
the members of the Board in
accordance with article 70 of the
Constitution.
Functions of the Board on policy
formulation
5. The Board shall formulate
policies necessary for the
achievement of the objects of the
Office.
Tenure of office of members of the
Board
6. (1) A member of the Board shall
hold office for a period of four
years and is eligible for
re-appointment, but a member shall
not be appointed for more than two
terms.
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply
to the Executive Director.
(3) A member of the Board may at
any time resign from office in
writing addressed to the President
through the Minister.
(4) A member of the Board who is
absent from three consecutive
meetings of the Board without
sufficient cause ceases to be a
member.
(5) The President may by a letter
addressed to a member revoke the
appointment of that member.
(6) Where a member of the Board
is, for a sufficient reason,
unable to act as a member, the
Minister shall determine whether
the inability would result in the
declaration of a vacancy.
(7) Where there is a vacancy
(a)
under subsection (3) or (4) or
section 8 (2), or
(b)
as a result of a declaration under
subsection (6), or (c) by
reason of the death of a member
the Minister shall notify the
President of the vacancy and the
President shall appoint a person
to fill the vacancy.
Meetings of the Board
7.(1)
The Board shall meet at least once
every three months.
(2) The chairperson shall at the
request in writing of not less
than five of the members of the
Board convene an extraordinary
meeting of the Board at the place
and time determined by the
chairperson.
(3) The quorum at a meeting of the
Board is five members of the Board
or a greater number determined by
the Board in respect of an
important matter.
(4) The chairperson shall preside
at meetings of the Board.
(5) A member of the Board elected
by the members from among their
number shall preside at a meeting
of the Board in the absence of the
chairperson.
(6) Matters before the Board shall
be decided by a majority of the
members present and voting and in
the event of equality of votes,
the person presiding shall have a
casting vote.
(7) The Board may co-opt a person
to attend a Board meeting but that
person shall not vote on a matter
for decision at the meeting.
(8) The proceedings of the Board
are not invalidated by reason of a
vacancy among the members or a
defect in the appointment or
qualification of a member.
(9) Subject to this section, the
Board may determine the procedure
for its meetings.
Disclosure of interest
8. (1) A member of the Board who
has an interest in a matter for
consideration by the Board shall
disclose in writing the nature of
that interest and is disqualified
from participating in the
deliberations of the Board in
respect of that matter. .
(2) Where a member contravenes
subsection (1) the chairperson
shall notify the Minister who
shall inform the President in
writing to revoke the appointment
of that member.
(3) Without limiting any further
cause of action that may be
instituted against the member, the
Board shall recover the benefit
derived by a member who
contravenes sub-section (1) in
addition to the revocation of the
member's appointment.
Establishment of committees
9. (1) The Board may establish
committees consisting of members
of the Board or non-members or
both, to perform a function of the
Board.
(2) A committee of the Board may
be chaired by a member of the
Board.
(3) Section 8 applies to members
of a committee of the Board.
Allowances
10. Members of the Board and
members of a committee of the
Board shall be paid allowances
approved by the Minister in
consultation with the Minister
responsible for Finance.
Administrative, operational and
financial matters
Appointment of Executive Director
11. (1) The President shall, in
accordance with article 195 of the
Constitution, appoint an
Executive Director for the Office.
(2) The Executive Director shall
hold office on the terms and
conditions specified in the letter
of appointment.
Functions of Executive Director
12. (1) The Executive Director is
responsible for the day to day
administration and operations of
the Office and is answerable to
the Board in the performance of
the functions under this Act.
(2) The Executive Director may
delegate a function to an
authorised officer of the Office
but shall not be relieved of the
ultimate responsibility for the
performance of the delegated
function.
Appointment of Deputy Executive
Directors
13. (1) The President shall, in
accordance with article 195 of the
Constitution, appoint Deputy
.Executive Directors.
(2) The Deputy Executive Directors
shall head the Divisions of the
Office.
Appointment of other staff
14. (1) The President shall in
accordance with article 195 of the
Constitution, appoint other staff
of the Office that are necessary
for the proper and effective
performance of the functions of
the Office.
(2) Other public officers may be
transferred or seconded to the
Office.
(3) The Office may engage the
services of advisers on the
recommendation of the Board.
Funds of the Office
15.
The funds of the Office include
(a)
moneys approved by Parliament, and
(b)
donations, grants and any other
moneys that are approved by the
Minister responsible for Finance.
Accounts and audit
16.
(1) The Board shall keep books of
account and proper records related
to the Office in the form approved
by the Auditor-General.
(2) The Board shall submit the
accounts of the Office to the
Auditor-General to audit within
three months after the end of the
financial year.
(3) The Auditor-General shall, not
later than three months, after the
receipt of the accounts, audit the
accounts and forward a copy of the
audit report to the Minister.
(4) The financial year of the
Office shall be the same as the
financial year of the Government.
Annual report and other reports
17.
(1) The Board shall within one
month after the receipt of the
audit report, submit an annual
report to the Minister covering
the activities and operations of
the Office for the year to which
the report relates.
(2) The annual report shall
include the Auditor-General's
report.
(3) The Minister shall, within one
month after the receipt of the
annual report, submit the report
to Parliament with a statement
that the Minister considers
necessary.
(4) The Board shall submit to the
Minister any other report which
the Minister may require in
writing.
Powers of the Office
Authorised
officers to exercise powers of
police
18.
The Executive Director, Deputy
Executive Directors and officers
authorised by the Executive
Director shall exercise powers and
have the immunities conferred on a
police officer in Criminal and
Other Offences (Procedure) Act,
1960 (Act 30), the Police Service
Act, 1970 (Act 350) and any other
law related to a police officer.
Request for information
19.
(1) The Executive Director or an
authorised officer of the Office
may by notice in writing require
(a)
a person or a representative of an
entity whose affairs are to be
investigated, or
(b)
a person who in the opinion of the
Executive Director is a proper
person to assist with an
investigation being conducted by
the Office
to appear before the Executive
Director at a specified date and
place to answer questions or
furnish the Office with
information related to a matter
relevant to the investigation.
(2) Where a person required to
furnish the Office with a document
is unable to produce the document,
the Executive Director shall
request the person to state where
the documents is or the reason for
the inability to produce the
document.
(3) Where a document is produced
before the Office, the Executive
Director or an authorised officer
of the Office shall make copies or
extracts from the document and
request the person producing the
document to provide explanation on
the contents of the document where
necessary.
(4) A person or a representative
of an entity who appears before
the Executive Director or an
authorised officer of the Office
has right to be represented by
counsel of that person's or
representatives choice at any
stage of the process.
(5) Where a person or an entity
willfully refuses, conceals or
otherwise fails to produce a
document required by the Executive
Director or an authorised officer,
that person _ or representative
commits an offence and is liable
on summary conviction to a fine of
not more than two hundred and
fifty penalty units or to a term
of imprisonment of not more than
three months or to both in the
case of an individual and in the
case of an entity, to a fine of
not more than one thousand penalty
units.
Power to search and remove
documents
20.
(1) The Executive Director shall
apply to the Court, without notice
to the person or entity specified
in the application, to issue a
warrant authorising a police
officer to enter premises in the
possession of or under the control
of the specified person or entity
to search and remove a document
specified in the application if
.
(a)
the person or entity required to
produce a document to the Office
fails or refuses to produce
(b)
the Executive Director is of the
opinion that the service of the
notice to produce a document shall
prejudice the investigation, or
(c)
it is not practicable to give a
disclosure notice requiring the
production of the document.
(2) An authorised officer of the
Office shall accompany the police
officer authorised to execute the
warrant.
(3) The authorised officer of the
Office shall prepare an inventory
of the documents retrieved in
duplicate and hand over a copy of
the inventory to the person or
entity from whom the document was
retrieved.
(4) The Office may take possession
of the document for a period
necessary for the investigation or
trial and any proceedings
subsequent to trial.
(5) A person or entity from whom a
document has been retrieved is
entitled to apply to the court
within twenty-one days after the
date of retrieval, for an order
(a)
to set aside the search, removal
or retrieval, and
(b) for the restoration of
the document.
Obstruction of officer of the
Office
21.
A person who wilfully obstructs an
authorised officer from
performing a function under this
Act commits an offence and is
liable on summary conviction,
(a)
in the case of an individual, to a
fine of not more than two hundred
and fifty penalty units or to a
term of imprisonment of not less
than three months; or
(b)
in the case of an entity, to a
fine of not more than one thousand
penalty units.
PART, TWO-PROCEEDS OF CRIME
Application and pre-emptive
measures
Application
of this Part to PNDCL 236
22.
This part applies to the Narcotic
Drugs (Control Enforcement and
Sanctions) Act, 1990 (PNDCL 236)
in relation to the proceeds from
the sale, profit or income earned
and property acquired or likely to
have been earned or acquired
through trading in narcotic drug.
Seizure and detention of currency
suspected to be proceeds of crime
23.
(1) An authorised officer of the
Office or any other public officer
authorised by the Executive
Director, shall seize currency the
amount prescribed by the Bank of
Ghana being imported into or
exported from the country,
(a)
that exceeds (b)
if the officer has reasonable
grounds to suspect that
(i) the currency is the proceeds
of crime, or the person for use in
the commission of a serious
offence, or
(ii) the currency is intended by
(c) if the holder of
the currency is unable to provide
satisfactory explanation for the
source of the currency.
(2) The officer who seizes
currency shall record
(a)
the name of the person from whom
the currency was seized,
(b) the particulars of the
currency, and
(c)
any other relevant information as
regards the currency, and send the
record and the seized currency to
the Executive Director.
(3) Where currency is in the
possession of the Executive
Director and a period of one month
has lapsed from the date of
seizure, the currency shall by
order of the Court be forfeited to
the Republic unless within that
period the owner has claimed the
currency by givmg notice of the
claim in writing to the Executive
Director.
(4) A Court shall, on an
application by or on behalf of a
person by whom the currency was
imported or exported, order the
release of the currency seized in
whole or in part after hearing the
Executive Director or an
authorised officer if the seizure
of the currency is no longer
justified.
(5) An authorised officer of the
Office shall not release currency
seized where application for the
confiscation of the whole or a
part of the currency is pending,
or proceedings have commenced in
this country or in any other
jurisdiction against the person
for the offence that involves
the currency.
(a)
an
b)
Seizure of tainted property
24.
(1) An authorised officer of the
Office or any other public officer
authorised by the Executive
Director, shall seize property if
the officer has reasonable grounds
to suspect that the property is
the proceeds of a serious offence.
(2) The Executive Director shall
direct the authorised officer to
release the seized property to the
person from whom it was seized if
no charges are preferred against
the person within fourteen working
days after the seizure.
(3) The Court shall make an order
for the continued seizure of the
property for a period of not more
than three months at a time from
the date of seizure and for a
total period of not more than two
years.
Power to search for tainted
property
25. (1) An authorised officer
shall
(a)
search a person in respect of
tainted property, or
(b)
enter any land or premises and
'conduct a search in respect of
tainted property and seize in the
course of the search, the property
which the authorised officer
believes on reasonable grounds to
be tainted property.
(2) A search in respect of tainted
property includes search of the
(a) body and clothing worn by
the person being searched,
(b)
property in or apparently under
the control of the person being
searched, and
(c)
property of the owner or occupier
of the land or premises.
(3) An authorised officer may
gather forensic evidence in the
course of a search.
(4) An authorised officer shall
make a search or seizure
(a)
under a search warrant, or
(b)
as an emergency search.
(5) The Court shall consider an
application without notice which
claims that communication in any
medium including an article sent
by post or through a courier
service is likely to contain
information or a substance that
may be relevant to an
investigation into an offence
under a law in this Country or a
corresponding foreign law, and the
Court shall, where appropriate,
order an authorised officer of the
Office to .
(a)
intercept, detain and open the
article in the course of
transmission by postal or courier
service,
(b)
intercept a message' transmitted
or received by any means of
communication,
(c)
intercept or listen to any
conversation by any means of
communication, or
(d)
enter premises and install on the
premises a device for the
interception and retention of
communications of specified
description and remove and retain
the device.
Search
26.
(1) The provisions on search by a
police officer under Part Two of
the Criminal and Other Offences
(procedure) Act, 1960 (Act 30)
apply for the purpose of this Act
where an authorised officer has
reasonable grounds to suspect that
there is, mayor could be tainted
property on land or m any premIses.
(2) If during the course of the
search the authorised officer
finds
(a)
property that the authorised
officer believes on reasonable
grounds to be tainted property of
a type not specified in the
warrant, or tainted property
related to another serious
offence, or
(b)
any article the authorised officer
believes on reasonable grounds
will afford evidence as to the
commission of the offence or
commission of a serious offence,
the authorised officer shall seize
¢.at property and the warrant
shall be deemed to authorise that
seizure.
Searches in emergencies
27.
(1) Where an authorised officer
suspects on reasonable grounds
that,
(a) a particular property
(i) is tainted property,
(ii) will provide evidence as to
the commission ofa serious
offence,
(b)
it is necessary to exercise the
power of search and seizure in
order to prevent the concealment,
loss or destruction of property,
and
(c)
the circumstances are so urgent
that immediate exercise of the
power without the authority of a
warrant or the order of a Court is
required, the authorised officer
shall search a person, enter
premises and search for the
property and if the property .is
found, seize the property.
(2) If during the course of the
search, the authorised officer
finds, (a) property that
the authorised officer believes on
reasonable grounds to be tainted
property, or
(b)
any thing the authorised officer
believes on reasonable grounds
will afford evidence as to the
commission of a serious offence
the authorised officer shall sezie
that property.
Obstruction of search and seizure
28.
A
person who
(a)
refuses an authorised officer
access to premises or refuses to
submit to a search,
(b)
assaults, obstructs, hinders or
delays an authorised officer in
the performance of a function
under this Act,
(c)
fails to comply with a lawful
demand of an authorised officer in
the performance of functions under
this Act,
(d)
fails to produce property declared
to be seized under this Act,
(e) conceals or attempts to
conceal property liable to seizure
under this Act, or
(f)
furnishes information to an
authorised officer which the
person knows to be false
commits an offence and is liable
on summary conviction to a fine of
not less than five hundred penalty
units or to ,a term of
imprisonment of not more than
three years or to both.
Property tracking
29.
Where an authorised officer has
reasonable grounds to suspect that
a document which is required to
(a)
identify, locate or quantify
property, or (b) identify
or locate a record
is in the possession or under the
control of a person or an entity
and is necessary for the transfer
of the property, the authorised
officer shall apply to the Court
for an order for
(c)
the document to be delivered by
the person or entity to the
authorised officer, or
(d)
the production to the authorised
officer by the person or entity of
information obtained from the
document.
Record of seized property
30.
(1) An authorised officer who
seizes property with or without a
search warrant or in an emergency
shall make a written record of the
property and hand over the record
and the property to the
AttorneyGeneral within seven days
from the date of seizure.
(2) The Attorney-General shall
apply to court for an order
(a)
for the sale of perishable items
where the property seized is
perishable; and
(b)
for payment of the proceeds into
court until the final
determination of the trial.
Return of seized property
31. (l) A person who claims an
interest in property seized under
this Act shall apply to the Court
within thirty days after the date
of seizure for an order that the
property be returned to that
person.
(2) If the Court is satisfied
that,
(a)
the person is entitled to
possession of the property,
(b)
the property is not tainted
property, and
(c)
the person in respect of whose
charge, proposed charge or
conviction the seizure of the
property was made has no interest
in the property,
the court shall order the return
of the property to the applicant.
Mutual legal assistance
32. Where
(a)
the Executive Director suspects
that property obtained from the
commission of a serious offence is
situated in a foreign country, or
(b)
a foreign country requests
assistance from this country to
locate or seize property situated
in this country suspected to be
property obtained from the
commission of a serious offence
within the jurisdiction of the
foreign country, the provisions of
the Mutual Legal Assistance Act,
2010 (Act.. ... ) shall apply.
Freezing of property
33. (1) Where the Executive
Director considers that freezing
of property is necessary to
facilitate an investigation or
trial, the Executive Director may
in writing direct the freezing of
(a)
the property of a person or entity
being investigated, or
(b)
specified property held by a
person or entity other than the
person or entity being
investigated or tried.
(2) The Executive Director shall
within fourteen days after the
freezing of the property apply to
the Court for a confirmation of
the freezing.
Application for freezing order
34. (1) An application for
confirmation of a freezing order
may be made without notice to the
respondent and shall be
accompanied with an affidavit.
(2) The affidavit shall
(a)
give a description of the property
in respect of which the freezing
order is sought,
(b)
state the name and address of the
person who is believed to be in
possession of the property,
(c)
state the grounds for the belief
that the property is tainted
property,
(d)
state that the respondent derived
benefit directly or indirectly
from the serious offence, or that
the property is property derived
directly or indirectly from a
serious offence,
(e)
state the grounds for the belief
that the property is tainted
property and is subject to the
effective control of the
respondent where the application
seeks a freezing order against the
property of a person other than
the respondent,
(f)
state the grounds for the belief
that a confiscation order is
likely to be made under this Act
in respect of the property, or
(g)
state that the property is at risk
of being dissipated or removed
from the country.
Issue of freezing order
35. (1) Where an application is
made for a freezing order, the
Court
shall issue the order if it is
satisfied that
(a)
the respondent is being
investigated for a serious
offence, (b) the respondent
is charged with a serious offence,
(c)
there are reasonable grounds to
believe that the property is
tainted property related to a
serious offence,
(d)
the respondent derived benefit
directly or indirectly from the
serious offence,
(e)
the application seeks a freezing
order against the property of a
person other than the respondent
because there- are reasonable
grounds to believe that the
property is tainted property
related to a serious offence and
that the property is subject to
the effective control of the
respondent, or
(f)
there are reasonable grounds to
believe that a confiscation order
shall be made under this Act in
respect of the property.
(2) The Executive Director shall
inform a person against whom a
freezing order has been made
within seven days after the order
has been made.
(3) The Court shall in the case of
an entity, lift the veil of
incorporation to determine if
property is subject to the
effective control of the
respondent.
(4) A freezing order shall
(a)
prohibit the respondent or another
person from disposing of or
dealing with the property or a
part of the property or interest
in the property that is specified
in the order, except in a manner
specified in the order,
(b)
dire9t the Attorney-General to
take custody and control of the
property or a part of the property
specified in the order and manage
or deal with the property as
directed by the Court, or
(c)
require a person who has
possession of the property to give
possession to the Attorney-General
to take custody and control of
the property.
(5) An order under this section
may be made, subject to the
conditions that the Court
considers appropriate and, without
limiting the scope of the order,
provide for
(a)
the reasonable living expenses of
a person affected by the order,
induding the reasonable living
expenses of the person's
dependants, and reasonable
business expenses of the person,
and
(b)
a specified public debt incurred
in good faith by the person
affected by the order.
(6) When the application is made
for the protection of third
parties on the basis that a person
is about to be charged, an order
made by the Court shall lapse if
the person is not charged within
twelve months after the issue of
the order.
Effect of freezing order
36.
A contract or other arrangement
made by a person in respect of the
tainted property after the issue
of the freezing order is of no
effect.
Breach of freezing order
37.
A person who contravenes a
freezing order commits an offence
and is liable on summary
conviction
(a)
in the case of an individual, to a
fine of not less than one thousand
penalty units or to a term of
imprisonment of not less than four
years or to both, or
(b)
in the case of an entity, to a
fine equivalent to the value of
the tainted property or of not
less than two thousand penalty
units whichever is greater.
Duration of freezing order
38. (1) A freezing order remains
in force until
(a)
the order is
(i) discharged, (ii) revoked, or
(iii) varied,
(b)
twelve months after the date the
order is made or a later date
determined by the Court, or
(c)
a confiscation order or a
pecuniary penalty order is made in
respect of the property which is
the subject of the order.
(2) Where an investigation has
commenced against a person for a
serious offence and the property
related to that offence is frozen
or restrained, the Court shall
order the release of the frozen or
restrained property if
(a)
the person is not charged with a
serious offence within twelve
months after the date of
commencement of the
investigation, or
(b)
the person is acquitted of the
serious offence.
Review of freezing order
39. (1) A person who claims an
interest in property which is the
subject of a freezing order shall
apply to the Court for a review of
the order on notice to the
Executive Director, within
fourteen days after the issue of
the freezing order.
(2) The Court shall revoke or vary
the order or subject the order to
conditions directed by the Court
on hearing the interested party.
Extension of freezing order
40. (1) The Executive Director
shall apply to the Court which
made a freezing order for an
extension of the period of the
operation of the order where
necessary.
(2) The Court shall extend the
operation of the order for a
specified period if it is
satisfied that a confiscation
order ought to be made in respect
of the property or a part of it or
that a pecuniary penalty order
ought to be made against the
person on application by the
Executive Director.
Declaration of property and income
41.
(1) Where a person has been
charged with an offence under this
Act, the Executive Director may
serve on that person a notice to
make a declaration of that
person's property and income.
(2) The person who is served with
the notice shall lodge two signed
copies of the declaration with the
Auditor-General within
twenty-eight days after receipt of
the notice.
(3) The Auditor-General shall not
reveal the content of the
declaration except in accordance
with this Act or on the order of a
Court.
(4) The declaration of property
and income shall contain the
following information:
(a)
property received or expected to
be received by the accused person;
(b)
property held or disposed of by
the accused person including
property held by any other person
or in the name of any other person
on behalf of the accused person;
and
(c)
the income and the source of the
income whether the person charged
has actually received it or not.
(5) Where a person charged and
given notice to make a
declaration fails to make a
declaration of property and income
within the period specified
(a)
that person commits an offence and
is liable on summary conviction to
a fine of not more than two
thousand penalty units or to
imprisonment for a term of not
more than two years or to both,
and
(b)
the property or income which has
not been declared is liable to
confiscation to the Republic.
(6) A person who intentionally or
negligently fails to disclose any
information required to be
disclosed in a declaration of
property and income, commits an
offence and is liable on summary
conviction to a fine of not more
than two thousand penalty units or
to imprisonment for a term of not
more than two years or both.
Duty of Auditor-General to produce
copies of declaration
42.
(1) Where the person charged is
convicted of the offence under
this Act, the Executive Director
may require the Auditor-General to
give the Executive Director and
the Court a copy each of the
declaration of property and
income.
(2) The Auditor-General shall
comply with a request made under
subsection (1) within seven days
after receipt of the request.
Use of information contained in
declaration
43. (1) The Executive Director may
use information contained in a
declaration of property and income
for the implementation of the
provisions of this Act, including
the application for confiscation
and pecuniary penalty orders and
for any other lawful purpose.
(2) The Court shall take into
account information contained in a
declaration of property and income
of the convicted person when
making a confiscation or pecuniary
order.
Inaccurate declaration of property
and income
44. (1) Where the Executive
Director at any time during
proceedings under this Act is of
the opinion that a declaration of
property and income is inaccurate,
the Executive Director may
(a)
serve notice on the accused or
convicted person, and
(b)
notify the Court of the
circumstances and indicate in the.
notice, the property or income in
question and evidence in support
of the opinion.
(2) The Court shall decide whether
the property or income should have
been included in the declaration
and if necessary direct that it be
added within a given period after
(a)
receipt of the notice, and
(b)
hearing the declarant.
(3) Where the Court finds that any
property or income was
intentionally or negligently
excluded by the declarant, the
Court shall make an order for the
confiscation of the property or
income to the Republic.
Presumption of acquisition of
property and income
45. (1) In determining whether or
not a confiscation or pecuniary
penalty order should be made, the
Court shall presume that the
property or income which is the
subject of the application,
including the property and income
indicated in the declaration was
acquired as a result of a serious
offence.
(2) The burden of proof that the
property or income which is the
subject of t.ht' application or
the declaration of property and
income is lawfully acquired
property is on the person
convicted for the offence in
relation to which the application
is made.
Confiscation and pecuniary penalty
orders
Application for confiscation or
pecuniary penalty order
46.
(1) Where a person is on trial for
a serious offence, the Executive
Director shall apply to the Court
for either or both of the
following orders (a) a
confiscation order against
property that is deemed to be
tainted property, or
(b)
a pecuniary penalty order against
the person in respect of benefit
derived by that person from the
serious offence.
(2) Where a person is convicted of
a serious offence, the Executive
Director shall apply to the Court
within one month after the
conviction, for any of the orders
specified under subsection (1).
(3) The application may be made in
respect of more than one offence.
(4) Where the application is
determined, a further application
for a confiscation order or a
pecuniary penalty order shall not
be made unless the Court is
satisfied that,
(a)
the property or benefit to which
the new application relates was
identified after the previous
application was determined,
(b)
the necessary evidence became
available after the previous
application was determined, or
(c)
it is in the interest of justice
that a new application be made.
Notice of application
47.
(1) Where the Executive Director
applies for a confiscation order
(a) the Court shall direct
the Executive Director to publish
in the Gazette or a
newspaper of national circulation,
a notice of the application before
the determination of the
application; (b) the
Executive Director shall give not
less than eight days written
notice of the application to the
respondent; and
(c)
the respondent and any other
person who claims an interest in
the property shall appear and
adduce evidence at the hearing of
the application.
(2) Where the Executive Director
applies for a pecuniary penalty
order
(a)
the Executive Director shall give
the respondent not less than eight
days written notice of the
application, and
(b)
the respondent shall appear and
adduce evidence at the hearing of
the application.
Amendment of application
48. (1) The Court hearing an
application for a confiscation or
a pecuniary penalty order, shall
before the determination of the
application and on the application
of the Executive Director, amend
the application to include other
property or benefit if the Court
is satisfied that
(a)
that other property or benefit was
not reasonably capable of
identification when the
application was made, and
(b)
the necessary evidence became
available only after the
application was made.
(2) The provisions on notice of
application apply to this section
with the necessary modification or
as directed by the Court.
Procedure on application
49. (1) Where an application is
made to the Court for a
confiscation order or a pecuniary
penalty order in respect of a
person convicted of a serious
offence, the Court shall have
regard to the transcript of the
proceedings against the person.
(2) Where an application is made
for a confiscation order or a
pecuniary penalty order to the
Court before which the person was
convicted, and the Court has not
passed sentence on the person for
a serious offence, the Court shall
defer the determination of the
application for the order until
the Court passes sentence if, the
Court is satisfied that it is
reasonable to do so.
Procedure against property where a
person dies or absconds
50. (1) The Executive Director
shall apply to the Court for a
confiscation order in respect of
tainted property if the person
from whom the property was seized
dies or absconds and
(a)
there is information alleging
commission of a serious offence by
that person, and
(b)
a warrant for the arrest of that
person is issued in furtherance of
that information.
(2) A person is considered to
have absconded if reasonable
attempts to arrest that person
pursuant to the warrant are
unsuccessful during the period of
three months after the date of
issue of the warrant. (3) Where
the Executive Director applies for
a confiscation order against
tainted property under this
section, the Court shall, before
hearing . the application for the
confiscation order,
(a)
require notice of the application
to be given to the person who
appears in the opinion of the
Court to have an interest in the
property, or
(b)
direct notice of the application
to be published in the Gazette
or a newspaper of national
circulation containing the
particulars in three publications
within three months.
(4) The provision on protection of
third party interest provided
under section 54 applies in
relation to confiscation of
tainted property of a deceased
accused person.
Confiscation order
51.
(1) The Court hearing an
application for confiscation of
tainted property shall infer from
the record of proceedings,
(a)
that the property was used to
facilitate or aid the commission
of a serious offence if it was in
the person's possession at the
time of or immediately before the
arrest of the person for the
serious offence for which the
person is on trial or convicted,
and
(b)
that the property was derived,
obtained or realised as a result
of the serious offence if it was
acquired by the person before,
during or within a reasonable time
after the period of the serious
offence of which the person is on
trial or convicted, and the Court
is satisfied that the income of
that person from sources umelated
to a serious offence cannot
reasonably account for the
acquisition of that property in
the absence of evidence to the
contrary.
(2) Where the Court orders that
property, other than money be
confiscated, the Court shall
specify in the order the amount
that is considered to be the value
of the property at the time the
order is made.
(3) The Court shall have regard to
the gravity of the offence in
considering whether a confiscation
order should be made.
(4) Where the Court makes a
confiscation order, the Court
shall give directions to give
effect to the order.
Effect of confiscation order
52.
(1) Where the Court makes a
confiscation order against
property, the property vests
absolutely in the Republic by
virtue of the order.
(2) Where the Court makes a
confiscation order against
property and a notice of appeal
has been filed,
(a)
the property shall not, except
with the leave of the Court and in
accordance with the directions of
the Court, be disposed of or
otherwise dealt with, before the
determination of the appeal, and
(b)
acquired the interest before or
after the commission of the
serious offence
(i) for sufficient consideration,
and
(ii) without knowing and in
circumstances which did not arouse
a reasonable suspicion that the
property was tainted property at
the time the person acquired the
property,
the Court shall make an order
declaring the nature, extent and
value of the person's interest at
the time the order is made.
(3) An application for a
declaration of interest in
confiscated property shall be made
within six months after the order
for confiscation.
(4) A person who
(a)
had knowledge of the application
for the confiscation order before
the order was made, or
(b)
appeared at the hearing of that
application, shall not make an
application without leave of the
Court.
(5) The Executive Director shall
be a party to the proceedings.
Quashing of conviction not to
discharge confiscation order
55.
(1) Where the Court makes a
confiscation order against
property of a person convicted of
a serious offence and the
conviction is subsequently
quashed, the quashing of the
conviction shall not discharge the
order.
(2) Where a confiscation order
against property is not
discharged, a person who had an
interest in the property
immediately before the
confiscation order was made may
apply to the Court for an order
for the transfer of the interest
to that person.
(3) The Court may
(a)
give directions that the property
or part of the property to which
the interest of the applicant
relates be transferred to the
applicant if the interest is
vested in the Republic, or
(b)
in any other case, direct that the
applicant be paid an amount equal
to the value of the interest at
the time the order was made.
Confiscation where a person dies
or absconds
56.
The Court shall order property to
be confiscated if (a) the
property is tainted,
(b)
proceedings in respect of a
serious offence committed in
relation to that property have
started, and
(c)
the person charged with the
serious offence dies or absconds.
Pecuniary penalty order
Payment instead of a confiscation
order
57.
Where the Court is satisfied that
a confiscation order should be
made in respect of the property of
a person convicted of a serious
offence but the property or a part
of the property or interest in the
property cannot be made subject to
that order and, in particular, the
property
(a)
is transferred to a third party in
circumstances that do not give
rise to a reasonable inference
that the title or interest was
transferred to avoid the
confiscation of the property,
(b) is substantially
diminished in value or rendered
worthless, or
(c)
has been co-mingled with other
property that cannot be divided
without difficulty, the Court
shall order the person to pay to
the Republic an amount assessed by
an accredited valuation officer to
be equal to the value of the
property instead of the
confiscation.
Application on procedure for
enforcement of order for payment
58.
(1) Where the Court orders a
person to pay an amount instead of
confiscation of property, that
amount shall be treated as a fine
imposed on the person in respect
of a conviction for a serious
offence, and the Court shall,
(a)
impose in default of the payment
of that amount, a term of
imprisonment of not less than
twelve months and not more than
five years despite any provision
contained in any other enactment,
(b)
direct that the term of
imprisonment imposed be served
consecutively to any other term
of imprisonment imposed on that
person, or being served by the
person, and
(c)
direct that the provision in the
Prisons Service Act, 1972 (NRCD
46) and regulation 61 of the
Prisons Regulations 1958 (LN. 412)
relating to the remission of
sentence of a prisoner serving a
term of imprisonment shall not
apply to a term of imprisonment
imposed. under paragraph (a)
on the person.
(2) Sections 44 to 46 apply with
the necessary modification to give
effect to this section where a
person accused of a serious
offence dies or absconds.
Pecuniary penalty orders
59.
(1) Where the Executive Director
applies to the Court for a
pecuniary penalty order against a
person convicted of a serious
offence, the Court shall make an
assessment based on evidence to
determine the benefit derived by
the convicted person from the
serious offence.
(2) The Court shall order the
person to pay to the Republic an
amount equal to the value of the
benefit obtained from the
commission of the serious offence
or a higher amount if the Court is
satisfied that the person
benefited from the serious
offence.
(3) The Court shall consider
(a)
property that appears to the Court
to be held by the convicted
person on the day on which the
application is made, and
(b)
property that appears to the Court
to be held by the convicted
person at any time, to be property
derived, obtained or realised as a
result of the serious offence if
it was acquired by the convicted
person before, during or within a
reasonable time after the period
of the serious offence of which
the person was convicted.
(4) Where the Court determines and
assesses the benefit to a
convicted person from a serious
offence and the Court is satisfied
that the income of that person
from sources unrelated to that
serious offence cannot reasonably
account for the acquisition of
that property, the Court shall
presume that the property came
into the possession or under the
control of the person as a result
of the serious offence unless the
contrary is proved.
Lifting the veil
60.
(1) The Court shall treat as
property of a person, property
that in the opinion of the Court,
is subject to the effective
control of the person, whether or
not the person has
(a)
a legal or an equitable interest
in the property, or
(b)
a right, power or privilege in
connection with the property, to
assess the value of benefits
derived by a person from a serious
offence. (2) Without limiting the
generality of subsection (1), the
Court shall have regard to
(a)
shareholdings in, debentures over
or directorships in a company
that has an interest, whether
direct or indirect, in the
property,
and
for this purpose, the Court shall
order an investigation and
inspection of the books of a named
company,
(b)
a trust that has a relationship to
the property, or
(c)
a relationship between the persons
who have an interest in the
property or in companies of the
kind referred to in subsection
(a), or trust of the kind
referred to in subsection (b),
and with any other persons.
(3) Where the Court treats a
particular property as the
person's property for the purposes
of making a pecuniary penalty
order against that person, the
Court shall make an order
declaring that the property is
subject to the effective control
of that person and is available to
satisfy the order.
(4) The Executive Director shall
give notice of the application to
(a) the person and to any
person who the Executive Director
has reason to believe has an
interest in the property, and
(b) the person and any person
who claims an interest in the
property and the person shall
appear and adduce evidence at the
hearing of the application.
Enforcement of pecuniary penalty
orders
61.
Where the Court orders a person to
pay an amount under a pecuniary
penalty order, the provisions of
section 40 apply to empower the
Court to impose a term of
imprisonment on that person in
default of compliance with the
order.
Discharge of pecuniary penalty
orders
62.
A pecuniary penalty order is
discharged
(a)
if the conviction for a serious
offence on the basis of which the
order was made is quashed and
another conviction for a serious
offence is not substituted, or
(b)
by payment of the amount due to
satisfy the order.
Production order
Production order
63. (1) A Court shall make a
production order on an application
made by the Executive Director.
(2) An application for a
production order shall state that
(a)
a person specified in the
application is subject to
investigation pending
confiscation of that person's
property or for committing a
serious offence,
(b)
the order is sought for the
purposes of the investigation,
(d)
empower the Attorney-General to
dispose of the realisable property
in a manner as directed by the
Court; and
(e)
order a person who holds an
interest in the property to make
payment to the Attorney-General in
respect of a beneficial interest
held by the respondent or the
recipient of a gift specified in
this Act as the Court shall direct
on an application by the Executive
Director.
(2) The Court shall transfer,
grant or extinguish the interest
in the property on payment being
made under paragraph (e) of
subsection (1).
(3) The Court shall give a person
who holds interest in the property
reasonable opportunity to make
representations to the Court
before making an order under
paragraphs (b), (c), (d) or
(e) of subsection (1) and
also under subsection (2).
Utilisation of proceeds of
realisable property
66. (1) The Court shall direct
that an amount be paid to the
Registrar of the Court out of the
proceeds of the realisable
property and that part of the
amount be applied to defray the
expenses of the Office.
(2) The Court shall direct the
Attorney-General to pay thirty
percent of the outstanding amount
for the benefit of an institution
of relevance to the action after
full satisfaction of payment
required under these provisions.
(3) The Attorney-General shall
until payment is made under
subsection (2), retain the thirty
percent of the outstanding amount
specified for the benefit of the
institution of relevance and pay
the rest into the Consolidated
Fund.
Insolvency
67. The Insolvency Act, 2006 (Act
708) does not apply to property
which is subject to this Act.
Winding up of company holding
realisable property
68. (1) Where realisable property
is held by a company and an order
for the winding up of the company
is made or a resolution is passed
by the company for its voluntary
winding up, the functions of the
liquidator shall not be performed
in relation to
(a)
the property if the property is
subject to a freezing order made
before the order or resolution for
winding up was made or passed, or
(b)
the proceeds of the property
realised and in the hands of a
receIver.
(2) Where, in the case of a
company, an order is made or a
resolution is passed, the powers
conferred on the Court to grant a
freezing order shall not be
exercised in relation to
realisable property held by the
company in relation to which the
functions of the liquidator may be
performed to
(a)
inhibit the liquidator from
performing those functions to
distribute the property held by
the company to the company's
creditors, or
(b)
prevent the payment out of the
property of expenses, including
the remuneration of the liquidator
properly incurred in the winding
up in respect of the property.
(3) Subsection (2) does not affect
the enforcement of a charging
order
(a)
made before the order or
resolution for winding up was made
or passed, or
(b)
on property which was subject to a
freezing order at the relevant
time.
(4) Nothing in the Companies Act
1963, (Act 179) shall restrict or
enable the restriction of the
exercise of the powers conferred
on the court by this Act in
relation to companies.
(5) In this section,
"liquidator" includes a
provisional liquidator under the
Companies Act.
Trial Court and proceedings
69. (1) The High Court and Circuit
Court have jurisdiction to try an
offence provided for in this Act.
(2) In a trial for an offence
under this Act, the accused person
may be presumed to have unlawfully
obtained pecuniary resources or
property in the absence of
evidence to the contrary if the
accused person
(a)
is in possession of pecuniary
resources or a property for which
the accused cannot satisfactorily
account and which is
disproportionate to the accused
person's known sources of income:
(b)
had at the time of the alleged
offence obtained access to
personal pecuniary resources or
property for which the accused
person cannot satisfactorily
account, or
(c)
in respect of which there is no
evidence of taxes having been
paid.,
Collaboration with public agencies
70. (1) The Office may conduct
investigations in conjunction with
security agencies and other
persons.
(2) An officer of a public agency
shall co-operate with officers of
the Office in the performance of
functions under this Act.
(3) A public officer who refuses
or fails without reasonable cause
to co-operate with an authorised
officer of the Office commits an
offence and is liable on summary
conviction to a fine of not less
than fifty penalty units or to a
term of imprisonment of not more
than three months or to both.
Confidentiality
71. (1) An authorised officer who
receives information in the
performance of functions under
this Act shall not
(a)
communicate the information to an
unauthorised person, or (b)
disclose the personal details of a
person who has given information
to a third person without
authority.
(2) An authorised officer who
contravenes subsection (I) commits
an offence and is liable on
summary conviction to a fine of
not less than five hundred penalty
units or to a term of imprisonment
of not less than three years or to
both.
Compensation
72. The Court may order
restitution to be made or
compensation to be paid to a
victim of a serious offence under
this Act.
Regulations
73. The Minister may by
legislative instrument make
Regulations for (a)
tracking tainted property,
(b)
the procedure for the seizure of
tainted property,
(c)
the procedure for confiscation and
pecuniary penalty orders,
(d)
the management of seized,
restrained or confiscated assets,
(e) the disposal of assets
under this Act, and
(f)
generally for the effective
implementation of the provisions
of this Act.
Interpretation
74. In this Act unless the context
otherwise requires,
"accountant" means a person
registered under the Chartered
Accountants Act, 1963 (Act 176).
"accredited valuation officer"
means a person licenced by the
Ghana Institution of Surveyors;
"authorised officer" means an
officer of the Office or any
public officer authorised by law
to exercise police powers;
"communication" means any
transmission, emission or
reception of signs, signals,
writing, images, sounds or
intelligence of any nature through
any communication or computer
system;
"computer system" means an
electronic, magnetic, optical,
electron chemical or other data
processing device, including the
physical components and any
removable storage medium that is
for the time being part of the
device or connected to the device,
or a group of such inter-connected
or related devices, one or more of
which is capable of
(a)
containing data, or
(b)
performing a logical, arithmetic
or any other function in relation
to data;
"confiscation" means the permanent
deprivation of funds or other
assets by order of a competent
authority or Court; "Court" means
High Court or Circuit Court;
" courier service" means a service
for the receipt and delivery of
correspondence, items of value or
both, such as parcels and packets,
for which a postage stamp is not
required; "currency" means
(a)
coins, or notes of the Republic or
of another country that is
designated as legal tender and
that circulates as and is
customarily used and accepted as a
medium of exchange in the country
of issue,
(b)
'travellers' cheques or other
financial instruments denominated
in the currency of Ghana or in
foreign currency, or
(c)
any right to. receive coins or
notes in respect of a credit or
balance' with a financial
institution or a non-resident;
"cyber activity offence" means an
activity that involves the use of
a computer system;
"deriving benefit" means benefit
derived or obtained by a person or
otherwise accruing to another
person at the request or direction
of the first person;
"Executive Director" means the
person appointed in section 11;
"gift" includes a transfer of
property by a person to another
person directly or indirectly
before or after the commission of
a serious offence by the first
person for a consideration the
value of which is significantly
less than the value of the
consideration provided by the
first person, and to the extent of
the difference between the market
value of the property transferred
and the consideration provided by
the transferee;
"institution of relevance" means a
party or parties relevant to the
action;
"interest" in relation to
property, means
(a)
a legal or equitable estate or
interest in the property, or
(b)
a right, power or privilege in
connection with the property;
"living expenses" include
provision for food, clothing,
utilities, school fees and medical
expenses;
"Minister" means the
Attorney-General and Minister
responsible for Justice;
"Office" means the Economic and
Organised Crime Office established
in section I of this Act;
"organised crime" means a
recurring serious offence
committed by two or more persons
working in concert;
"police officer" means a policeman
who is not below the rank of
Assistant Superintendent of
Police;
"post" means a system for the
collection, despatch or conveyance
of postal articles;
"postal articles" include letters,
postcards, reply postcards,
lettercards, newspapers, books,
packets, printed paper, pattern or
sample packet, small packet or
parcel and every other packet
article when in course of
conveyance by post and includes a
telegram when conveyed by post;
"postal service" means any service
licensed to be rendered under the
Postal and Courier Services
Regulatory Commission Act, 2003
(Act 649);
"prescribed" means prescribed by
Regulations;
"predicate offence" means an
offence as a result of which
property or benefit has been
generated;
"premises" includes any house,
building, structure, tent,
caravan, ship, boat, aircraft and
mechanically propelled vehicle;
"proceeds of crime" means any
property derived from or obtained
through the commission of a
serious offence;
"property" means assets of any
kind situated in the country or
elsewhere whether movable or
immovable, tangible or
intangible, legal documents and
instruments evidencing title of
interest in the assets;
"property of or in the possession
or control of a person" includes a
gift made by that person;
"public agency" means a body set
up by the Government in the public
interest with or without an Act of
Parliament; "public debt" means
expenditure incurred from the
Consolidated Fund, Contingency
Fund and other funds established
by or under an A<;t of Parliament;
"public officer" means a person
who holds a public office;
"realisable property" includes
(a)
property held by a defendant who
has directly or indirectly made a
gift caught by this Act,
(b)
property held by a person to whom
a defendant has directly or
indirectly made a gift caught by
this Act, and (c) currency;
"record" means recorded
information regardless of form or
medium created, received and
maintained by any institution or
individual in the pursuance of the
legal obligations or transactions
of the institution or individual;
"Republic" means the Republic of
Ghana;
"respondent" means the person who
is the subject of an application
for a confiscation order or
pecuniary penalty order; "revenue
agency" means an agency authorised
by law to collect revenue;
"security agency" includes the
Police, Customs, Excise and
Preventive Service, the
Immigration Service and Bureau of
National Investigation;
"seizure" means the temporary
prohibition of the transfer,
conversion, disposition or
movement of property or the
temporary assumption of the
custody or control of property on
the basis of a Court order;
"serious offence" includes
(a)
participation in an organised
criminal group, terrorism and
terrorist financing, money
laundering, human trafficking,
people smuggling, sexual
exploitation, illicit trafficking
in narcotic drugs, illicit arms
trafficking, trafficking in stolen
and other goods, corruption and
bribery, serious fraud,
counterfeiting and piracy of
products, smuggling, extortion,
forgery, insider trading and
market manipulation,
(b)
murder, grievous bodily harm,
armed robbery or theft where there
are predicate offences for a
serious offence, and
(c)
any other similar offence or
related prohibited activity
punishable with imprisonment for a
period of not less than twelve
months;
"tainted property" means property,
(a)
used in or in connection with the
commission of a serious offence;
(b)
derived, obtained or realized as a
result of the commission of a
serious offence; and
"trust" includes an executorship,
administratorship, guardianship,
of children or the office,
committee or receiver of the
estate of a person with mental
disorder or a person incapable of
managing that person's own
affairs, a charitable trust,
family trust and an organisation.
Consequential amendments
75.
The Narcotic Drugs (Control,
Enforcement and Sanctions) Act
1990 (PNDCL 236) is amended as
specified in the Schedule.
Repeal and
savings
76.(1)
The Serious Fraud Office Act, 1993
(Act 466) is repealed.
(2) Despite the repeal of Act 466,
regulations, orders, directions,
appointments or any other act
lawfully made or done under the
repealed enactment and in force
immediately before the
commencement of this Act shall,
subject to modification made to
them by this Act, be considered to
have been made or done under this
Act and shall until reviewed,
cancelled, withdrawn or
terminated continue to have
effect.
Transitional provisions
77. (1) The rights, assets,
liabilities of and properties
vested in the Serious Fraud Office
established under the Serious
Fraud Office Act, 1993 (Act 466)
immediately before the
commencement of this Act and
persons employed by the Serious
Fraud Office are transferred to
the Office established under this
Act.
(2) Proceedings taken by or
against the Serious Fraud Office
may be continued by or against the
Office.
(3) A contract subsisting between
the Serious Fraud Office
established under the Serious
Fraud Office Act, 1993 (Act 466)
and any other person immediately
before the commencement of this
Act shall subsist between that
person and the Economic and
Organised Crime Office established
in this Act.
SCHEDULE
(Section 75)
SECTION |
AMENDMENT |
Section 19 (1) |
By the deletion of" under
section 18" |
Section 20 (1) |
By the substitution for the
expression "to show
|
|
cause under section 17 (1)" of
"of forfeiture". |
Section 20 (2) |
By the substitution for "under
section 17" of "of
|
|
forfeiture" |
Section 21 (1) |
By the substitution for "any
of the sections 15 to
|
|
22" of " of forfeiture"
|
Section 21 (2) |
By the substitution for "under
section 17 (1)" of
|
|
"of forfeiture" |
Section 21 (3) |
By the substitution for "by
the Court under section 17
(3)" of "in
proceedings for forfeiture" -
|
|
|
Section 22 |
By the substitution for "under
sections 15 to 22"
|
|
of "of forfeiture"
|
Section 27 (1) |
By the substitution for" any
of sections 1-17 or
|
|
subsection (7) of section 31"
of this Act" |
Section 27 (2) |
By the substitution for "any
of the sections 1 to
|
|
17 or subsection (7) of
section 31" of this Act"
|
|
and the substitution for "any
of sections 15 to |
|
22" of "this Act" |
Section 29 (1) |
By the substitution for "under
any of the sections
|
|
15 to 22" of "for forfeiture
under this Act" |
Section 34 (1) |
By the deletion of
"under section 16" in para-
|
|
By the substitution for "under
subsection (1) of section 31"
of "for forfeiture |
Section 34 (2) |
By the
substitution for "under any of
the section .
15 to 22" of "of forfeiture"
|
Section 35 (3) |
By the substitution for "under
any of the section 15 to 22"
of "of forfeiture |
Section 35 (4) |
By the substitution for "under
any of the section 15 to 22"
in paragraph (b) of" of
forfeiture |
Section 40 (1) |
By the
substitution for "under any of
the section 15 . to
22" of "of forfeiture"
|
Section 45 (1) |
By the
substitution for "under any of
the section 15 . to
22" of "of forfeiture"
|
Section 45 (2) |
By the
substitution for "under any of
the section 15 . to
22" of "of forfeiture"
|
|