GHANA CIVIL AVIATION ACT, 2004
(ACT 678)
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Section
PART ONE—ADMINISTRATION
Establishment
1. Establishment of the Authority
2. Policy objectives
3. Functions of the Authority
4. Policy directions
5. The Board of the Authority
6. Functions of the Board
7. Meetings of the Board
8. Committees of the Board
Administration
9. Director-General and Deputy
Directors-General
10. Secretary
11. Staff of the Authority
12. Terms and conditions of
service
Finance
13. Funds of the Authority
14. Income Surplus account
15. Application of funds
16. Accounts and audit
17. Annual report
18. Foreign exchange account
19. Borrowing powers
20. Internal auditor
PART TWO—REGULATION OF CIVIL
AVIATION AND AIR NAVIGATION
Air navigation
21. Regulating air navigation
Civil aviation
22. Control of civil aviation in
emergency
23. Prohibiting flying over
specified areas
24. Dangerous flying
25. Investigation of accidents
26. Prohibition of unlicensed
commercial flying
27. Valid insurance documents
28. The Rome Convention
29. Trespass, nuisance and damage
30. Nuisance on aerodromes
PART THREE—MISCELLANEOUS
31. Custody and disposal of lost
property
32. Wreck and salvage to aircraft
33. Regulations on vessels
applicable to seaplanes
34. Exemption of aircraft from
seizure on patent claims
35. Patent claims not protected
under Chicago Convention
36. Fees
37. Extra-territorial effect
38. Exemptions
39. Aircraft offences and
jurisdiction
40. Other offences
41. Regulations
42. Interpretation
43. Repeal and saving
44. Transitional Provisions
THE SIX HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-EIGHTH
ACT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF THE
REPUBLIC OF GHANA
ENTITLED
GHANA CIVIL AVIATION ACT, 2004
AN ACT to amend and consolidate
the law relating to civil aviation
and to provide for related
matters.
DATE OF ASSENT: 11th November,
2004.
BE IT ENACTED by Parliament
PART ONE—ADMINISTRATION
Establishment
Section 1—Establishment of the
Authority
(1) There is hereby established a
body corporate to be known as the
Civil Aviation Authority referred
to this Act as the "Authority".
(2) The Authority shall have
perpetual succession and a common
seal, and may sue and be sued in
its corporate name, and subject to
this Act, shall have the
attributes of a body corporate in
respect of
(a) the right to acquire and hold
real or personal property for the
purposes of the Authority;
(b) the right to regulate its own
procedure;
(c) the investment of the funds of
the Authority, including funds in
a pension scheme instituted by the
Authority for the benefit of its
employees in addition to any other
pension scheme under any other
enactment;
(d) obtaining loans for the
purposes of the Authority with the
prior approval in writing of the
Minister subject to article 181 of
the Constitution.
(3) The Authority may, subject to
article 20 of the Constitution,
make recommendations to the
Minister for the compulsory
acquisition of land or any other
property.
(4) Moneys due to a person by way
of compensation for property
acquired in pursuance of
subsection (3) shall be paid out
of the funds of the Authority.
(5) For the purposes of the
criminal law, and any other
enactment, property of the
Authority is public property.
(6) The Authority shall have a
first charge on aircraft in
respect of unpaid charges owed to
the Authority, for which purpose
the Authority may detain the
aircraft.
(7) A document may be served on
the Authority by serving it on the
Director-General or the secretary,
or by sending it by registered
post to the Director-General or
the secretary.
Section 2—Policy Objectives
The objectives of the Authority
are,
(a) to develop opportunities for
domestic and international travel
and trade;
(b) to provide facilities to
improve access to remote regions,
enhance mobility and develop
opportunities for travel within
the Republic;
(c) to facilitate efficient
aviation operations;
(d) to improve the scope and
quality of aviation services;
(e) to encourage strong and
sustainable growth in the aviation
industry;
(f) to maintain the highest
standards of safety and security
in the provision of air transport;
and
(g) to develop aviation while
preserving the environment.
Section 3—Functions of the
Authority
(1) The Authority is responsible
for
(a) the licensing of air transport
and the licensing of the provision
of accommodation in aircraft;
(b) the licensing of cockpit and
cabin crew, flight and ground
engineers, air traffic controllers
and any other personnel engaged in
aircraft operations;
(c) the licensing and the
certification of aerodromes and
the construction, operation,
maintenance and management of
navigational sites;
(d) the provision of air
navigation services within the
Accra Flight Information Region;
(e) the taking of security
measures to safeguard air
transport, life and property;
(f) the registration and
de-registration of aircraft;
(g) the registration and
de-registration of an interest in
an aircraft or a part of an
aircraft and the recognition of
the validity of a certificate
licence of a foreign registered
aircraft;
(h) ensuring safety of air
navigation and aircraft;
(i)
prescribing measures to ensure
airworthiness of civil aircraft;
(j) regulating, promoting and
developing air transport
operations and services;
(k) the provision of, and the
co-ordination of, fire fighting,
search and rescue services and
facilities within the Accra Flight
Information Region and any other
aerodromes;
(l) advising the Government on
matters relating to civil
aviation;
(m) acting internationally as the
national authority or body
representing the Republic in
respect of matters relating to
civil aviation, including the
entering into mutual agreements
for the transfer of
responsibilities for ensuring the
continuous surveillance of
registered aircraft operators;
(n) supervising operations of
aircraft;
(o) taking measures for the
prevention and investigation of
civil aircraft accidents and
incidents;
(p) environmental protection for
aircraft noise and engine
emissions;
(q) communicating meteorological
information for air navigation;
(r) ensuring that aeronautical
charts and units of measurement
are used in air and ground
operations;
(s) ensuring due compliance with
the conventions, annexes,
protocols and any other relevant
standards and recommended
practices of the International
Civil Aviation Organisation; and
(t) the recognition of
certificates of airworthiness,
certificate of competency, radio
licence and other licences issued
by other contracting states.
(2) The Authority may, in addition
to its functions under subsection
(1),
(a) take up and subscribe for or
otherwise acquire shares in a
company or firm or participate in
the formation of a company, or
enter into a partnership or an
arrangement for the sharing of
profits;
(b) provide information relating
to air safety by means of
publications issued by the
Authority or by any other means;
(c) engage in an activity, either
alone or in conjunction with any
other civil aviation authority or
international agency or
organisation, for the purposes of
promoting and developing civil
aviation, including adopting
another state's regulations on
personnel licensing, operations
and airworthiness of aircraft, and
the Authority shall file the
differences between the adopted
regulations and the Organization's
regulations;
(d) provide technical advice or
assistance, including training
facilities, for a person with
respect to a matter in which the
Authority has skill or experience;
(e) enter into a contract for the
supply of goods, services or
materials, or for the execution of
works or any other contract
necessary for the performance of
its functions under this Act;
(f) carry out a work or an
activity which the Authority
considers requisite, advantageous
or convenient, with a view to
making the best use of the assets
of the Authority;
(g) impose charges for the use of
a facility or service provided by
the Authority; and
(h) do any other thing necessary
for the performance of its
functions or which is calculated
to facilitate the performance of
its functions.
(3) Where the Authority finds it
is unable to implement a provision
of the Annexes to the Chicago
Convention, an acceptable means of
compliance shall be instituted by
the Authority to ensure that
equivalent means of safety is
achieved and the Organization
shall be notified of the
differences.
Section 4—Policy Directions
(1) Subject to sections 2 and 3,
the Minister may, in writing, give
directions of a general nature to
the Authority on matters of policy
and the Authority shall give
effect to them.
(2) A direction given under
subsection (1) shall not include a
matter relating to the performance
of the functions or the exercise
of powers in relation to
individual cases.
Section 5—The Board of the
Authority
(1) The governing body of the
Authority is a Board consisting of
(a) the chairman,
(b) the Director-General of Civil
Aviation,
(c) one representative of the
Ministry of Defence,
(d) one representative of the
Ministry responsible for aviation,
and
(e) five other members, at least
two of whom are women.
(2) The members of the Board shall
be appointed by the President in
accordance with article 70(1)(d)(iii)
of the Constitution.
(3) A member of the Board, other
than the Director-General, shall
hold office for a term of two
years, but is eligible for
re-appointment.
(4) A member of the Board, other
than an ex officio member, may
resign from office by writing
addressed, through the Minister,
to the President who may request a
member to resign from office, or
remove a member from office for
inability to perform the functions
of office as a member or for a
stated misconduct or for any other
just cause.
(5) A member of the Board shall be
paid the allowances determined by
the Authority with the approval of
the Minister.
Section 6—Functions of the Board
The Board is responsible for the
formulation of general policies
for the proper management of the
affairs of the Authority, and for
ensuring that those policies are
carried out by the Authority.
Section 7—Meetings of the Board
(1) The Board shall meet at least
once in every three months but may
be summoned to transact an
extraordinary business at the
request in writing of three
members addressed to the chairman
at least five days before the date
of the meeting with a summary of
the business to be transacted at
the meeting.
(2) The chairman shall preside at
meetings of the Board and in the
absence of the chairman the
members present shall appoint one
of their number to preside.
(3) The quorum for a meeting of
the Board is five, but in respect
of a financial matter or policy
issue the quorum shall be seven.
(4) Subject to subsection (3),
decisions of the Board shall be
determined by a majority of the
members present.
(5) At a meeting of the Board the
chairman or the presiding member
shall have a casting vote.
(6) The validity of a proceeding
of the Board shall not be affected
by a vacancy among its members or
a defect in the appointment or
qualification of a member.
(7) The two Deputy
Directors-General shall attend
meetings of the Board but shall
not vote on a matter for decision
by the Board.
(8) Except as otherwise provided
in this section, the Board shall
regulate its own procedure.
(9) A member who has an interest
in a matter to be considered by
the Board shall disclose the
nature of that interest to the
Board and is disqualified from
participating in a deliberation of
the Board in respect of that
matter.
(10) A member who fails to
disclose interest under subsection
(9) shall cease to be a member.
Section 8—Committees of the Board
The Board may appoint committees
it considers necessary consisting
of members, non-members or both
(a) to perform a function of the
Board assigned to the committee,
or
(b) to advise the Board on a
matter referred to the committee.
Administration
Section 9—Director-General and
Deputy Directors-General
(1) The Authority shall have a
Director-General of Civil
Aviation.
(2) The Director-General is,
subject to the directions of the
Board on matters of policy, the
chief executive of the Authority
and shall perform any other
functions as directed, and in
particular the Director-General is
responsible for the efficient
administration of the affairs of
the Authority, including the
issuance of orders, directives,
instructions or circulars to
address specific technical
matters, and the general
operations of the Authority.
(3) The Authority shall have two
Deputy Directors-General who shall
assist the Director-General in the
performance of the functions of
the Director-General.
(4) The Director-General and the
Deputy Directors-General shall be
appointed by the President in
accordance with article 195 of the
Constitution.
(5) The Director-General may, in
writing, and subject to this Act,
the Regulations and the terms and
conditions specified by the
Director-General, delegate a
function of the Director-General,
(a) to an officer, an employee or
an administrative unit under the
Director-General, or
(b) to an air operator, an aerial
work operator, a general aviation
operator, a maintenance facility
or to any other qualified person.
(6) The Director-General is not
absolved from the ultimate
responsibility for a function
delegated under subsection (5).
(7) The Director-General shall
monitor and enforce compliance
with Annexes 1, 6 and 8 to the
Chicago Convention and the
Organization's technical
instructions for safe transport of
dangerous goods by air, but may
vary the instructions when
necessary.
(8) The Director-General shall
publish in the Gazette an order, a
directive, an instruction or a
circular made, given or issued
under subsection (2).
Section 10—Secretary
The Board, on the recommendations
of the Director-General, shall
designate an employee of the
Authority as the secretary to the
Authority who shall perform the
functions directed by the Board or
the Director-General.
Section 11—Staff of the Authority
(1) In accordance with the advice
of the Board given in consultation
with the Public Services
Commission, the President shall
engage for the Authority officers
and other employees necessary for
the proper and efficient
performance of the functions of
the Authority.
(2) The President may delegate, in
accordance with article 195(2) of
the Constitution, the power of
appointment of public officers
provided for under this section.
Section 12—Terms and Conditions of
Service
The terms and conditions of
service of a person in the
employment of the Authority,
including matters relating to
pensions, gratuities and
allowances shall be approved by
the Board.
Finance
Section 13—Funds of the Authority
(1) The funds of the Authority
include
(a) a grant or a loan granted to
the Authority
(i)
by the Government;
(ii) by a bank, or any other
recognised financial institution;
(iii) by any recognised
organisation.
(b) moneys accruing to the
Authority
(i)
by way of revenue, and
(ii) as proceeds from
investments;
(c) moneys provided by Parliament
which are paid directly out of the
Consolidated Fund or any other
moneys provided by Parliament out
of any other public fund; and
(d) any other moneys prescribed as
moneys of the Authority by the
Regulations.
(2) The Authority is exempt from
the payment of rates and taxes.
Section 14—Income Surplus Account
(1) The Authority shall carry to
an income surplus account part of
the receipts on revenue account
which is available for the purpose
until the moneys in the account
have reached an amount prescribed
by the Board.
(2) Where the moneys in the income
surplus account are subsequently
reduced below the amount
prescribed by the Board, the
Authority shall carry to the
account so much of its receipts as
are required to restore the
account to the prescribed amount,
and are available for that
purpose.
(3) The application of the income
surplus account shall be
determined by the Board.
(4) Moneys in the income surplus
account shall be applied only for
the purposes of the Authority.
(5) The amount of moneys in the
income surplus account shall be
prescribed by the Board.
(6) The Authority may invest the
moneys or a part of the moneys of
the Authority in the manner
approved by the Board.
Section 15—Application of Funds
The income of the Authority in a
financial year shall be applied in
the payment of
(a) the working management and
establishment expenses of the
Authority properly chargeable to
income;
(b) payments in respect of
interest on or repayments of the
principal of moneys borrowed by
the Authority;
(c) moneys set aside by the Board
for the development, renewal,
depreciation and any other
purposes determined by the Board.
Section 16—Accounts and Audit
(1) The Board shall maintain
proper books of account and proper
records in the form approved by
the Auditor-General.
(2) The Board shall, not later
than three months after the end of
the financial year, submit for
audit to the Auditor-General, its
books and records of account.
(3) The Auditor-General shall, not
later than three months after the
submission under subsection (2),
audit the books and records of
account and submit a report to
Parliament.
(4) The Auditor-General may issue
instructions regarding the conduct
of the audit or conduct a
supplementary audit.
(5) The financial year of the
Authority shall be the same as the
financial year of the Government.
Section 17—Annual Report
(1) The Board shall, not later
than seven months after the end of
the financial year, submit to the
Minister an annual report on the
activities of the Authority for
the year, which shall include the
Auditor-General's report and the
report of a supplementary audit.
(2) The Minister shall lay the
annual report before Parliament.
Section 18—Foreign Exchange
Account
(1) Notwithstanding the provisions
of the Exchange Control Act, 1961
(Act 71), the Authority shall,
with the prior approval in writing
of the Minister responsible for
Finance and subject to Bank of
Ghana Regulations, maintain a
foreign exchange account into
which the Authority may pay
revenue accruing to it by way of
foreign exchange.
(2) The foreign exchange account
of the Authority is subject to
audit under section 16.
Section 19—Borrowing Powers
(1) The Authority may, with the
prior approval in writing of the
Minister, and subject to article
181 of the Constitution, borrow
money for the purposes of the
performance of its functions under
this Act.
(2) The Authority may charge its
assets, undertakings and revenues
with the repayments of moneys
borrowed together with interest on
those moneys, and may issue
debentures, funds or any other
securities to secure repayment of
the money borrowed together with
interest on that money and may do
any other thing necessary in
connection with that borrowing.
Section 20—Internal Auditor
(1) The Authority shall have an
internal auditor who shall be
responsible to the
Director-General.
(2) The internal auditor shall, at
the end of every three months,
submit a report on the audit of
the books and records of account
of the Authority in respect of
that period to the
Director-General.
(3) The internal auditor shall
forward copies of the report to
the Board, the Auditor-General,
the State Enterprises Commission
and to the Minister.
PART TWO—REGULATION OF CIVIL
AVIATION AND AIR NAVIGATION
Air navigation
Section 21—Regulating Air
Navigation
(1) The Director-General in
consultation with the Minister,
may by legislative instrument,
make Regulations for
(a) the registration of aircraft
in the Republic;
(b) the examination and design of
aircraft and the issue of
certificates of airworthiness for
an aircraft;
(c) prohibiting an aircraft from
flying unless
(i)
a certificate of airworthiness is
issued or validated under the
Regulations with respect to it,
and
(ii) there is compliance by the
aircraft with the conditions
relating to maintenance and repair
specified by the Regulations;
(d) the licensing, inspection and
regulation of aerodromes and
places where aircraft may land and
for prohibiting the use of
unlicensed aerodromes;
(e) unimpeded access to aircraft
factories, or premises where an
aircraft is undergoing repair for
the purposes of inspecting work
carried on in relation to that
aircraft or parts of that
aircraft, and admission into the
aircraft;
(f) ensuring unimpeded access to
aircraft factories, aircraft cabin
and flight deck, hangers,
workshops, aerodromes, ramp, fuel
storage farms, operator's office
and at a reasonable time to
conduct a test or an inspection
test in order to determine the
compliance with this Act or the
Regulations or the directives;
(g) prohibiting persons from
engaging in or being employed in
or in connection with air
navigation as specified in the
Regulations except in accordance
with the provisions in that behalf
contained in the Regulations;
(h) the licensing of persons
employed at aerodromes, or engaged
in the inspection or supervision
of aircraft;
(i)
the conditions under which and in
particular the aerodromes to or
from which aircraft entering or
leaving the Republic may fly, and
the conditions under which
aircraft may fly from one part of
the Republic to another;
(j) requiring the screening prior
to boarding the aircraft of
passengers and property intended
to be carried in an aircraft in
commercial air transport;
(k) the conditions under which
passengers and goods may be
carried for any other commercial,
industrial or gainful purposes,
and for prohibiting the carriage
by air of goods of the classes
specified in the Regulations;
(l) minimising or preventing
interference with the use or
effectiveness of apparatus used in
connection with air navigation and
for prohibiting or regulating the
use of that apparatus and the
display of signs and lights likely
to endanger aircraft;
(m) the detention of aircraft for
the purpose of carrying out or
implementing this Act, the
Regulations or the orders,
directives, instructions or
circulars issued by the
Director-General;
(n) requiring persons engaged in
or employed in or in connection
with air navigation to supply
meteorological information for the
purposes of air navigation;
(o) controlling the making of
signals and any other
communications by or to aircraft
and persons carried in the
aircraft;
(p) regulating the design and use
of the civil air ensign which may
be established for purposes of air
navigation;
(q) the manner and conditions of
the issue, validation, renewal,
extension or variation of an air
operator's certificate or any
other certificate, licence, or any
other document required by the
Regulations, including the
examinations and tests to be
undergone, and as to the form,
custody, production, cancellation,
suspension, endorsement and
surrender of that document;
(r) the circumstances in which the
Authority may grant, refuse,
revoke or suspend a licence;
(s) requiring a person who is
involved in air transport
undertakings to provide specified
information;
(t) recording and registration of
births and deaths occurring in a
part of the world on aircraft
registered in the Republic, and of
the death outside the Republic of
a person who as a traveller on an
aircraft dies on the journey in
consequence of an accident; and
(u) promoting in the public
interest the safety of flight of
civil aircraft and the protection
of persons and property aboard an
aircraft operating in commercial
air transport and generally for
the regulation of civil aviation
and air navigation.
(2) The Regulations under
subsection (1) may provide for
(a) requiring a person specified
in the Regulations to make returns
to the Authority and to any other
specified authorities;
(b) the keeping by the Authority
of a record of returns made under
paragraph (a) of this subsection;
(c) the transmission to the
Registrar of Births and Deaths of
an air register book of births and
deaths;
(d) the keeping by the Authority
of a record of persons reported to
it as missing, or persons reported
with respect to whom there are
reasonable grounds for believing
that they have died in consequence
of an accident involving an
aircraft registered in the
Republic;
(e) the rectification of records
kept by virtue of this subsection.
(3) The Regulations under
subsection (1) may provide for
(a) the issue of airman
certificates;
(b) the issue of certificates of
airworthiness of aircraft;
(c) the issue of air operators
certificates, and for the
establishment of minimum safety
standards for the operation of air
operators, and for the issue of
specific operators provisions.
(4) Regulations made under
subsection (1) may provide for
(a) the adoption of operation
directives, rules and regulations
of the International Civil
Aviation Organization;
(b) the requirement that
commercial air transport
operations shall be conducted in
accordance with the Regulations in
the interest of safety and in
accordance with the relevant
international agreement ratified
by Parliament under article 75 of
the Constitution.
(5) Regulations made under
subsection (1) may provide for
(a) the manner and the form in
which complaints against the
performance of a function under
this Act or the Regulations may be
made to the Director-General, and
(b) the investigation by the
Director-General of complaints
made under paragraph (a).
(6) Regulations made under
subsection (1) may provide for
(a) rules governing the flight of
aircraft;
(b) the navigation, protection and
identification of aircraft;
(c) the safety and protection of
persons and property on the
ground;
(d) the efficient utilization of
the navigable airspace, including
the safe altitude of flights and
the prevention of collision
between aircraft, between aircraft
and land or water, vehicles and
any other objects and between
aircraft and airborne objects;
(e) the examination and rating of
civilian school giving instruction
in flying or in the repair,
alteration, maintenance, and
overhaul of aircraft, aircraft
engines, propellers, and
appliances, as to the adequacy of
the course of instruction, the
suitability and airworthiness of
the equipment, and the competency
of the instruction;
(f) the examination and rating of
approved, maintenance
organizations or shops for the
repair, alteration, maintenance
and overhaul of aircraft, aircraft
engines, propellers and
appliances, as to the adequacy and
suitability of the equipment,
facilities and materials for, and
methods of repair and overhaul,
and the competence of those
engaged in the work and of the
instructors; and
(g) the examination and rating of
the issues of appropriate
certificates of approval for
schools and approved maintenance
organizations.
(7) Regulations made under this
section may provide penalties for
their contravention.
(8) A penalty imposed under
subsection (7) shall not exceed
thirty thousand penalty units.
Civil aviation
Section 22—Control of Civil
Aviation in Emergency
(1) In time of war, whether actual
or imminent, or of a national
emergency, and subject to article
31 of the Constitution, the
President may, by executive
instrument,
(a) regulate or prohibit, either
absolutely or subject to the
conditions contained in the
instrument, the navigation of an
aircraft, or a description of
aircraft, over the Republic or a
part in the Republic;
(b) provide for taking possession
of and using for the purposes of
the naval, military or air forces
of the Republic an aerodrome or an
aircraft, in the Republic, or
anything found in or on that
aerodrome or aircraft; and
(c) regulate or prohibit the use
of an aerodrome or the premises
used in connection with aircraft
or air navigation.
(2) A person who contravenes or
fails to comply with a provision
of an instrument made under
subsection (1) commits an offence
and is liable on summary
conviction to a fine not exceeding
seven hundred and fifty penalty
units or to a term of imprisonment
not exceeding three years or to
both the fine and the
imprisonment.
(3) A person who suffers direct
injury or loss owing to the
operation of an instrument made
under subsection (1) shall be paid
compensation the amount of which
shall be determined by the
President.
(4) Where the Director-General is
of the opinion that an emergency
requiring immediate action with
respect to safety in civil
aviation exists, the
Director-General
(a) shall take the measures that
are necessary or essential in the
interests of safety in civil
aviation, and
(b) shall initiate proceedings
relating to the matter that has
given cause to the emergency.
(5) A person who fails to comply
with a directive given pursuant to
subsection (4) commits an offence
and is liable on summary
conviction to a fine not exceeding
two hundred penalty units or to a
term of imprisonment not exceeding
six months or to both the fine and
the imprisonment.
(6) Direct loss or injury suffered
as a result of an action taken
under paragraph (a) of subsection
(4) shall be dealt with by
reference to the relevant
insurance policy.
Section 23—Prohibiting Flying Over
Specified Areas
(1) The Authority may, by
executive instrument, with the
prior approval in writing of the
President, prohibit aircraft from
flying over an area in the
Republic specified in the
instrument or by notice in the
Gazette.
(2) An instrument made under
subsection (1) may contain
provisions for the taking of the
steps specified in the instrument
including provisions for firing on
aircraft.
(3) A person who contravenes or
fails to comply with a provision
of an instrument made under this
section commits an offence and is
liable on summary conviction to a
fine not exceeding two hundred
penalty units or to a term of
imprisonment not exceeding six
months or to both the fine and the
imprisonment.
Section 24—Dangerous Flying
(1) Where an aircraft is flown in
a manner that causes or is likely
to cause unnecessary danger to
person or property, the person in
charge of the aircraft commits an
offence and is liable on summary
conviction to a fine not exceeding
two hundred penalty units or to a
term of imprisonment not exceeding
six months or to both the fine and
the imprisonment.
(2) Where a person is convicted of
an offence under subsection (1),
the owner of the aircraft shall be
deemed to have committed that
offence unless the owner
establishes before the Court or
tribunal
(a) that the aircraft was flown
without the consent or connivance
of the owner, and
(b) that the owner had taken
reasonable steps and had exercised
due diligence to prevent the
commission of the offence having
regard to the circumstances.
(3) For the purposes of this
section "owner" in relation to an
aircraft includes a person by whom
the aircraft is hired at the time
of the offence.
Section 25—Investigation of
Accidents
(1) The Minister may, in
accordance with the
recommendations of the Authority,
by legislative instrument, make
Regulations providing for the
investigation of an accident
arising out of or in the course of
air navigation that occurs in or
over the Republic or elsewhere to
aircraft registered in the
Republic.
(2) Regulations made under
subsection (1) may contain
provisions
(a) for setting up an independent
body of persons to conduct
investigations into aircraft
accidents;
(b) requiring notice of an
accident to be given in the
prescribed manner;
(c) applying, with or without
modification, for the purpose of
investigations held with respect
to an accident, the provisions of
a law in force in the Republic
relating to the investigation of
deaths or accidents;
(d) prohibiting, pending
investigation, access to or
interference with aircraft in
respect of which an accident has
occurred, and authorising a person
so far as may be necessary for the
purposes of the investigation, to
have access to, examine, remove,
take measures for the preservation
of, or otherwise deal with, that
aircraft;
(e) authorising or requiring the
cancellation, suspension,
endorsement or surrender of a
licence or certificate granted in
the Republic, or the withdrawal or
suspension of a validation
conferred in the Republic of a
licence granted by a duly
competent authority elsewhere,
where on an investigation it
appears that the licence should be
cancelled, suspended, endorsed or
surrendered, or the validation
withdrawn or suspended, and
requiring the production of the
licence or certificate for the
purpose of being so dealt with.
(3) A person who contravenes or
fails to comply with a regulation
under this section commits an
offence and is liable on summary
conviction to a fine not exceeding
one hundred penalty units or to a
term of imprisonment not exceeding
three months or to both the fine
and the imprisonment.
Section 26—Prohibition of
Unlicensed Commercial Flying
(1) A person shall not fly or use,
or attempt to fly or use, an
aircraft in the Republic for
carrying passengers or goods for
hire or reward, on a journey or
class of journey whether beginning
and ending at the same point or at
different points except
(a) under the authority of and in
accordance with the terms and
conditions of a licence granted to
that person by the Authority, or
(b) an aircraft which is
registered and licensed in a State
adhering to the Chicago Convention
and which is flown or used in the
Republic in pursuance of an
agreement between the government
of that State and the Government.
(2) A person who contravenes or
fails to comply with a provision
of subsection (1) commits an
offence and is liable on summary
conviction to a fine not exceeding
two hundred penalty units or to a
term of imprisonment not exceeding
six months or to both the fine and
the imprisonment.
Section 27—Valid Insurance
Documents
(1) Subject to section 28, a
person shall not fly or cause or
permit another person to fly an
aircraft in or out of the Republic
unless there is in force in
relation to the flying of the
aircraft by that person or that
other person a valid certificate
of insurance issued by an
authorised insurer.
(2) For the purposes of subsection
(1), a valid certificate of
insurance shall, subject to the
restrictions or conditions
specified in the certificate of
insurance, insure the owner of the
aircraft against liabilities
incurred in respect of loss or
damage caused to persons or
property by, or by a person in, or
an article or person falling from,
the aircraft while in flight,
taking off or landing.
(3) A person who contravenes a
provision of subsection (1)
commits an offence and is liable
on summary conviction to a fine
not exceeding one thousand penalty
units or to a term of imprisonment
not exceeding five years or to
both the fine and the
imprisonment.
(4) For the purposes of this
section, "authorised insurer"
means a person or body of persons
carrying on a marine, aviation or
transit insurance business
approved by the Authority.
Section 28—The Rome Convention
(1) Where it appears to be
necessary for the purposes of
giving effect to the Rome
Convention, the President may,
acting in accordance with the
advice of the Authority, make an
executive instrument,
(a) directing that the provisions
set out in the instrument shall,
in relation to aircraft registered
in a country specified in the
instrument, have effect instead of
the provisions of this Act except
section 30;
(b) that those provisions or any
of those provisions shall, in
relation to that aircraft, have
effect subject to the
modifications, adaptations and
exceptions specified in the
instrument; and
(c) which provides that an
aircraft registered in the
Republic shall not undertake a
flight to or over a country
referred to in the instrument,
unless there is on board that
aircraft the certificate relating
to a policy of insurance, a
security or a deposit of money in
respect of the aircraft, which is
a certificate in the form, and
issued by the person, and
containing the particulars,
prescribed by the instrument.
(2) Where Parliament ratifies an
amendment to the Rome Convention
or to any other international
agreement which has been ratified
by Parliament, subsection (1) of
this section shall have effect as
if a reference in that subsection
to the Rome Convention were a
reference to the Rome Convention
as amended.
Section 29—Trespass, Nuisance and
Damage
(1) An action does not lie in
respect of trespass or in respect
of nuisance by reason only of
(a) the flight of an aircraft over
a property at a height above the
ground, which, having regard to
wind, weather and the
circumstances of the case is
reasonable, or
(b) the ordinary incidents of
those flights so long as the
provisions of this Part and an
order made in pursuance of this
Act are duly complied with.
(2) Subject to subsection (3),
where material loss or damage is
caused to a person or property by
an aircraft or by a person in, or
an article, or person falling
from, an aircraft while that
aircraft is in flight, taking off
or landing, then unless the loss
or damage was caused or
contributed to by the negligence
of the person by whom it was
suffered, damages in respect of
the loss or damage is recoverable
without proof of negligence or
intention or any other cause of
action, as if the loss or damage
had been caused by the willful
act, neglect, or default of the
owner of the aircraft.
(3) Where material loss or damage
is caused in circumstances in
which
(a) damages are recoverable in
respect of the loss or damage by
virtue only of subsection (2), and
(b) a legal liability is created
in a person other than the owner
to pay damages in respect of the
loss or damage,
the owner is entitled to be
indemnified by that other person
against a claim in respect of the
loss or damage.
Section 30—Nuisance on Aerodromes
(1) Regulations made under section
21 may provide for the conditions
under which noise and vibration
may be caused by aircraft on
aerodromes and may provide that
subsection (2) of this section
shall apply to an aerodrome in
respect of which provisions as to
noise and vibration caused by
aircraft are to be made.
(2) An action does not lie in
respect of nuisance by reason only
of the noise and vibration caused
by aircraft on an aerodrome to
which subsection (1) applies by
virtue of the Regulations made
under section 21 where the
provisions of any of the
Regulations are duly complied
with.
PART THREE—MISCELLANEOUS
Section 31—Custody and Disposal of
Lost Property
(1) The Director-General shall, by
legislative instrument, make
Regulations for securing the safe
custody and re-delivery of
property which while not in proper
custody, is found on
(a) premises belonging to the
Authority or under its control;
(b) premises occupied by a person
or body of persons operating an
air transport service; or
(c) in an aircraft or on any other
premises.
(2) The Regulations may
(a) provide for the charges to be
paid in respect of property before
it is re-delivered;
(b) authorise the disposal of
property which is not re-delivered
before the expiration of the
period specified in the
Regulations.
Section 32—Wreck and Salvage to
Aircraft
(1) For the purposes of this Act,
services rendered in assisting, or
in saving life from or in saving
the cargo or apparel of, an
aircraft, on or over the sea or a
tidal water, on or over the shores
of the sea or a tidal water, are
salvage services as if those
services had been rendered in
relation to a vessel.
(2) Where salvage services are
rendered by an aircraft to
property or person the owner of
the aircraft is entitled for those
services, to the reward that the
owner of a vessel would be
entitled to if the aircraft had
been a vessel.
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) shall
have effect whether or not the
aircraft concerned is a foreign
aircraft and the services in
question are rendered elsewhere
not within the limits of the
territorial waters adjacent to the
Republic.
(4) The President may, by
executive instrument, direct that
a provision of an enactment which
relates to wreck, to salvage of
life or property or to the duty of
rendering assistance to vessels in
distress shall, with the
exceptions, adaptations and
modifications specified in the
instrument, apply in relation to
aircraft as that provision applies
in relation to vessels.
Section 33—Regulations on Vessels
Applicable to Seaplanes
(1) The power of the Minister
responsible for Ports, Harbours
and Railways under subsection (1)
of section 217 of the Ghana
Shipping Act, 2003 (Act 645) to
make Regulations for the
prevention of collision at sea
shall extend to collision
(a) between seaplanes on the
surface of the water, and
(b) between vessels and seaplanes
on the surface of the water;
and accordingly section 173 and
sections 221, 222 and 231 of the
Ghana Shipping Act, 2003 (Act 645)
shall apply in relation to
seaplanes on the surface of the
water as they apply to ships.
(2) Subject to subsection (3) of
this section, an enactment which
confers or imposes on a harbour
authority a power to make
Regulations for the regulation of
ships or vessels shall be
construed as if that power
included
(a) a power, subject to the prior
approval of the Minister, to make
Regulations for the regulation of
seaplanes when on the surface of
the water, and
(b) a power to include in the
Regulations provisions authorising
the harbour master or any other
officer of the harbour authority
to perform as regards seaplanes on
the surface of the water, the
functions which the harbour master
is authorised by the enactment to
perform with respect to ships or
vessels.
(3) Regulations made under
subsection (2) shall not require,
or authorise a harbour master or
any other officer to require the
dismantling of a seaplane or a
part of the seaplane or the making
of an alteration of the structure
or equipment of a seaplane.
(4) For the purposes of this
section, seaplanes taking off from
or alighting on, the water are on
the surface of the water while in
contact with the owner; and
“harbour authority” includes a
person or body of persons,
corporate or unincorporated,
entrusted with the duty of
managing, regulating or
maintaining a harbour;
“seaplane” includes a flying boat
and any other aircraft designed to
manoeuvre on water;
“ship” includes every description
of vessel used in navigation not
propelled by oars;
“vessel” includes a ship, a boat
and any other description of
vessel used in navigation; and
a
reference in [section 173 of the
Merchant Shipping Act, 1963 (Act
183)] to the “master” shall be
construed as a reference to the
pilot or any other person on duty
in charge of the seaplane.
Section 34—Exemption of Aircraft
from Seizure on Patent Claims
(1) A lawful entry into the
Republic or a lawful transit
across the Republic, with or
without landing, of an aircraft to
which this section applies shall
not entail
(a) a seizure or detention of the
aircraft, or
(b) proceedings being brought
against the owner or operator of
the aircraft, or
(c) any other interference by or
on behalf of a person in the
Republic,
on the ground that the
construction, mechanism, parts,
accessories of or operation of the
aircraft is or are an infringement
of a patent, design of model.
(2) Subject to subsection (3), the
importation into, and storage in,
the Republic of spare parts and
spare equipment for an aircraft to
which this section applies, and
the use and installation of those
parts or equipment in the repair
of that aircraft shall not entail
(a) a seizure or detention of the
aircraft or of the spare parts or
spare equipment, or
(b) proceedings being brought
against the owner or operator of
the aircraft or the owner of the
spare parts or spare equipment, or
(c) an interference with the
aircraft by or on behalf of a
person in the Republic,
on the ground that the spare parts
or equipment or their installation
are or is an infringement of a
patent, design or model.
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply
in relation to spare parts or
spare equipment which are sold or
distributed in the Republic or are
exported from the Republic for
sale or distribution.
(4) This section applies
(a) to aircraft, other than an
aircraft used in military, customs
or police services, registered in
a country or territory in respect
of which there is in force a
declaration made by the President
by executive instrument, with a
view to the fulfilment of the
provisions of the Chicago
Convention to which this section
relates, that the benefits of
those provisions apply to that
country or territory, and
(b) to any other aircraft as the
President may by executive
instrument specify.
Section 35—Patent Claims not
Protected under Chicago Convention
(1) Where it is alleged by an
interested person that a foreign
aircraft, which is not an aircraft
to which section 34 applies and
which is making a passage through
or over the Republic, infringes in
itself or in a part of it, an
invention, a design or model which
is entitled to protection in the
Republic, the relevant authority
may, in accordance with the Rules
of Court, detain the aircraft
until the owner deposits an amount
of money or sufficient security in
respect of the alleged
infringement.
(2) Where an amount is deposited
or security is given pursuant to
subsection (1), the aircraft shall
not, during the continuance or in
the course of the passage, be
subject to a lien, an arrest, a
detention or prohibition whether
by an order of a Court or
otherwise, in respect of or on
account of the alleged
infringement.
(3) The amount deposited or the
security given shall be agreed
between the interested parties or
in default of agreement, fixed by
the Authority or a person duly
authorised on its behalf, and
payment of the amount shall be
made or secured to the Authority
in the manner approved by the
Authority.
(4) The amount deposited shall be
dealt with in accordance with the
procedure prescribed by the Rules
of Court, which Rules may provide
generally for carrying this
section into effect.
(5) For the purposes of this
section,
"owner" includes the actual owner
of the aircraft;
"passage" includes reasonable
landings and stoppages in the
course, or for the purposes, of
the passage.
Section 36—Fees
The Authority shall, with the
approval of the Minister, by
legislative instrument, prescribe
the fees to be paid
(a) in respect of the issue,
validation, renewal, extension, or
variation of a certificate,
licence or any other document or
the undergoing of an examination
or test required by any
legislative instrument or the
Regulations, and
(b) in respect of any other
matters which appear to the
Authority expedient for the
purpose of the legislative
instrument or the Regulations to
charge fees.
Section 37—Extra-territorial
Effect
(1) In accordance with customary
international law any legislative
instrument or Regulations made
under this Act does or do not have
extra-territorial effect except as
allowed by the conventions,
protocols or any of the
international agreements to which
Republic is a party.
Section 38—Exemptions
(1) Subject to subsection (2),
this Act does not apply to
aircraft belonging to or
exclusively employed in the
service of the Government.
(2) The President may, by
executive instrument, apply to
that aircraft or in connection
with that aircraft, to an
aerodrome, land or premises an
instrument made under this Act or
the Regulations.
(3) The Director-General may, in
the public interest and in
writing, prescribe that a foreign
aircraft and the airmen serving on
that aircraft, be exempted from
paragraph (a) of subsection (4) of
section 40.
(4) Subsection (3) does not confer
an exemption from observing air
traffic regulations.
(5) A provision in this Act, or in
an instrument made under this Act
shall not prejudice or affect the
rights, powers and privileges of a
light-house authority.
Section 39—Aircraft Offences and
Jurisdiction
(1) An offence committed on an
aircraft registered in the
Republic shall, for the purposes
of jurisdiction, be deemed to have
been committed in the place where
the offender is for the time
being.
(2) Where a body corporate is
convicted of an offence under this
Act, every director, general
manager, secretary or any other
officer of the body corporate, or
a person purporting to act in that
capacity, shall be deemed to have
committed that offence.
(3) A person shall not be
convicted pursuant to subsection
(2) where that person proves that
the offence was committed without
that person's consent or
connivance and that due diligence
was exercised to prevent the
commission of the offence having
regard to the circumstances.
(4) In subsection (2) "director"
includes a person occupying the
position of director by whatever
name called and a person who at
the time of the commission of the
offence was a director of the body
corporate.
(5) A person commits an offence on
board an aircraft if that person
(a) assaults, intimidates or
threatens, whether physically or
verbally, a crew member where the
act interferes with the
performance of the functions of a
crew member or lessens the ability
of the crew member to perform any
of those functions;
(b) refuses to comply with a
lawful instruction given by the
person in command of the aircraft
or by a crew member for the
purpose of ensuring the safety of
the aircraft or of a person or
property on board the aircraft or
for the purpose of maintaining
good order and discipline on board
the aircraft;
(c) does an act of physical
violence against a person or
sexually assaults a person or
molests a child on board the
aircraft;
(d) assaults, intimidates or
threatens whether physically or
verbally, any other person on
board the aircraft, or consumes an
alcoholic beverage or a drug
resulting in intoxication
(i)
if the act endangers or is likely
to endanger the safety of the
aircraft or of a person on board
the aircraft, or
(ii) if the act jeopardizes or is
likely to jeopardize the good
order and discipline on board the
aircraft;
(e) causes damage to the aircraft
or destruction of property on
board the aircraft;
(f) smokes or tampers with a smoke
detector or any other safety-
related device on board the
aircraft;
(g) operates a portable electronic
device when that is prohibited.
(6) A person who does an act
intended by force or threat or
intimidation to seize or exercise
control of an aircraft or attempts
to do that act or abets the doing
of that act commits an offence.
(7) Unless Parliament otherwise
provides, the High Court has
jurisdiction
(a) to enforce a claim in respect
of an aircraft;
(b) to deal with an offence which
took place on board
(i)
an aircraft registered in the
Republic, or
(ii) an aircraft leased, with or
without a crew, to an operator
whose principal place of business
is in the Republic, or if the
operator does not have a principal
place of business in the Republic,
a permanent residence in the
Republic, or
(iii) an aircraft in or in flight
over the Republic; or
(c) to deal with an offence which
took place in an aircraft in
flight outside the Republic
(i)
where the next landing of the
aircraft is in the Republic, and
(ii) where the person in command
of the aircraft delivers the
suspected offender to the
competent authority in the
Republic with the request that the
competent authority prosecute the
suspected offender, and with the
affirmation that a similar report
has not been or will not be made
to another state.
(8) For the purposes of subsection
(6), “in flight” means the period
from the moment when power is
applied for the purposes of take
off until the moment when the
landing run ends.
(9) A person who commits an
offence under this section is
liable on summary conviction to a
fine not exceeding five hundred
penalty units or to imprisonment
for a term not exceeding two
years.
Section 40—Other Offences
(1) A person who obstructs or
hinders an officer, agent or
employee of the Authority acting
in the performance of a function
under this Act, an executive
instrument or the Regulations
commits an offence and is liable
on summary conviction to a fine
not exceeding two hundred penalty
units or to a term of imprisonment
not exceeding six months or to
both the fine and the
imprisonment.
(2) Except as otherwise provided
in this Act or the Regulations, a
person who fails to comply with an
order, a directive, an instruction
or a circular made, given or
issued by the Director-General
commits an offence and is liable
on summary conviction to a fine
not exceeding two hundred penalty
units or to a term of imprisonment
not exceeding six months.
(3) A police officer who
reasonably believes that a person
has committed an offence under
this Act or under an executive
instrument or the Regulations may
require that person to furnish
evidence of identity and take
appropriate action.
(4) A person shall not
(a) operate in civil aviation a
civil aircraft for which an
airworthiness certificate is not
in effect or in violation of the
terms of that certificate;
(b) serve in a capacity as an
airman in connection with a civil
aircraft, aircraft engine,
propeller or appliance used or
intended for use in civil aviation
without an airman certificate
authorising that person to serve
in that capacity, or in violation
of any of the terms, conditions,
or limitation of that certificate,
or in violation of an order or the
Regulations issued under this Act;
(c) employ for service in
connection with a civil aircraft
used in civil aviation an airman
who does not have an airman
certificate authorising that
person to serve in the capacity
for which that person is employed;
(d) operate as an air operator
without an air operator
certificate, or in violation of
the terms of that certificate;
(e) operate an aircraft in civil
aviation in violation of a
provision of this Act or of the
Regulations or of a certificate
issued by the Director-General
under this Act;
(f) while holding a certificate
issued to a school or repair
station as provided in this Act,
violate a term, condition, or
limitation of that certificate, or
violate a provision of this Act or
the Regulations relating to the
holder of that certificate; or
(g) undertake an aircraft
operation that would cause
imminent danger to persons or
property on the ground.
Section 41—Regulations
(1) The Minister may by
legislative instrument, make
Regulations to give effect to this
Act.
(2) Regulations made under
subsection (1) may contain
provisions
(a) for the effective and
efficient use, in the public
interest, of
(i)
a grant or loan granted to the
Authority by the Government, and
(ii) the moneys provided by
Parliament out of the Consolidated
Fund or any other public fund; and
(b) for penalties for an act
committed under this Act where a
specific penalty has not been
provided for.
Section 42—Interpretation
(1) In this Act, unless the
context otherwise requires,
"accident" means an occurrence
associated with the operation of
an aircraft which takes place
between the time that a person
boards the aircraft with the
intention of flight and the time
when that person disembarks during
which time
(a) a person is fatally or
seriously injured as a result of
being in the aircraft, or in
exposure to direct contact with a
part of the aircraft, or in direct
jet blast;
(b) the aircraft sustains damage
or structural failure;
(c) the aircraft is missing or
completely inaccessible;
“Accra Flight Information Region”
means an air space of defined
dimensions within which flight
information services and alerting
services are provided;
“aerodrome” includes an area of
land or water, buildings,
installations and equipment
intended to be used, wholly or
partly, for the arrival, departure
or surface movement of aircraft
and the property and the precincts
of the Authority;
“airport” means an airfield where
aircraft land and take off usually
with facility for passengers,
goods and customs;
“air transport services” means a
service for the carriage by air of
passengers, mails or other
freight;
“Auditor-General” includes an
auditor appointed by the
Auditor-General;
“Authority” means the Civil
Aviation Authority established
under section 1;
“Chicago Convention” means the
Convention on International Civil
Aviation signed at Chicago on the
7th day of December, 1944;
“Court” means a court of competent
jurisdiction;
“Director-General” means the
Director-General of Civil
Aviation;
"functions" includes powers and
duties;
“highway” includes a road and a
path being used by the public for
purposes of passage;
“incident” means an occurrence
which is not an accident and which
affects or could affect the safety
or operation of an aircraft;
“income surplus account” has the
meaning assigned to it by sections
69 and 70 of the Companies Code
1963 (Act 179);
“land” includes an estate and any
other interest in or right over
land;
“local authority” means a District
Assembly, a Metropolitan Assembly,
a Municipal Assembly or a lower
local government unit established
under the Local Government Act,
1993 (Act 462);
“loss or damage” includes in
relation to persons, loss of life
and personal injury;
“member” means a member of the
Board;
“Minister” means the Minister
responsible for aviation;
“Organization” means the
International Civil Aviation
Organization;
“purpose of civil aviation”
includes the purposes connected
with air navigation except
purposes of defence;
“Regulations” means Regulations
made under this Act;
“Republic” means the Republic of
Ghana;
“Rome Convention” means the
Convention for the unification of
certain rules relating to damage
caused by aircraft to third
parties on the surface signed in
Rome on the twenty-ninth day of
may, 1933.
“Rules of Court” means the Rules
of court made by the Rules of
Court Committee constituted under
article 157 of the Constitution.
(2) A reference in this Act to the
carrying out of works on land
includes a reference to the making
of excavations on the land, and
references to the maintenance of
works or to the interference with
works shall be construed
accordingly.
(3) A reference in this Act,
(a) to goods or articles includes
a reference to mails and animals;
(b) to a country or territory
includes a reference to the
territorial waters adjacent to
that country or territory.
Section 43—Repeal and Saving
(1) The Ghana Civil Aviation
Authority Law, 1986 (P.N.D.C.L.
151) is hereby repealed.
(2) Despite the repeal of that
Law, Regulations and orders made
under that Law shall continue in
force to the extent that the
orders or Regulations are
consistent with the corresponding
provisions of this Act and until
they are amended or revoked.
Section 44—Transitional Provisions
(1) Until the appropriate
arrangements are made and
effective and efficient mechanisms
are set up for a diclotomy
establishing an airport management
which undertakes the development
and management of aerodromes on
sound commercial principles, and
leaving the Authority to focus on
airspace management and safety
regulations,
(a) the assets and liabilities of,
and property vested in the former
Authority immediately before the
coming into force of this Act
shall vest in the Authority,
(i)
subject to the directions in
writing of the President, and
(ii) without further assurance
than this paragraph;
(b) proceedings taken by or
against the former Authority may
be continued by or against the
Authority;
(c) a contract subsisting between
the former Authority and any other
person and in force immediately
before the coming into force of
this Act shall, subject to the
directions in writing of the
President, subsist between the
Authority and that other person;
(d) the Authority shall continue
to perform the functions under the
repealed Act relating to the
establishment, development and
management of aerodromes.
(2) For the purposes subsection
(1), "former Authority" means the
Authority established under the
law repealed by section 43.
Date of Gazette Notification: 12th
November, 2004.
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