PETROLEUM (EXPLORATION AND
PRODUCTION) LAW, 1984 (PNDCL 84)
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Section
1. All Petroleum Property of
Republic.
2. Exploration, Development or
Production of Petroleum.
3. Petroleum Operations to Conform
to Best International Practices,
etc.
4. Secretary to Prepare Reference
Map of Blocks.
5. Corporation to have Right Over
all Blocks.
6. Right to Enter Land.
7. Compensation.
8. Non-assignment of Petroleum
Agreement.
9. Notification and Appraisal of
Petroleum Discovery.
10. Development Plans, Annual and
Long-term Production Programme.
11. Application of this Part.
12. Period of Validity of
Petroleum Agreement.
13. Review of Terms and
Conditions.
14. Relinquishment of Portions of
an Area.
15. Minimum Work and Expenditure
Obligations.
16. Production of Natural Gas.
17. Participating Interest.
18. Rental Payments.
19. Payment of Tax.
20. Payment of Royalties.
21. Contractor to Transfer Assets
to Corporation.
22. Petroleum Subcontracts not
Assignable without Consent of
Secretary.
23. Obligations of Contractors and
Sub-Contractors
24. Rights of a Contractor.
25. Transactions Between
Contractor and Affiliates.
26. Auditing.
27. Inspection.
28. Restoration of Affected Lands.
29. Secretary to Request for
Information.
30. Exclusion of Exemptions
granted under Act 437.
31. Exclusion of Exemptions
granted under Act 437.
32. Regulations.
33. Interpretation.
34. Affected Legislation.
35. Transitional Provisions
Relating to Prospecting and Mining
Licences.
36. Commencement.
IN pursuance of the Provisional
National Defence Council
(Establishment) Proclamation,
1981, this Law is hereby made:
PART I—PETROLEUM RIGHTS
Section 1—All Petroleum Property
of Republic.
(1) Without prejudice to any right
granted, conferred, acquired,
recognised or saved in this Law to
explore for or produce petroleum,
all petroleum existing in its
natural state within the
jurisdiction of Ghana is the
property of the Republic of Ghana
(hereafter referred to as "the
Republic") and shall be vested in
the Provisional National Defence
Council (hereafter referred to as
"the Council") on behalf of the
people.
(2) The PNDC Secretary for Fuel
and Power (hereafter referred to
as "the Secretary") shall
represent the Republic of Ghana in
negotiation for and entry into
petroleum agreements.
(3) Any petroleum agreement
entered into by the Secretary
shall be deemed to be approved by
the Council unless the Council
within a month of the entry by the
Secretary into such an agreement
disallows the agreement.
(4) The entry into a petroleum
agreement by the Secretary under
the provisions of this section
shall be deemed a requisite and
sufficient authority over the land
in relation to which the terms of
the agreement are to be carried
out.
Section 2—Exploration, Development
or Production of Petroleum.
(1) No person other than the Ghana
National Petroleum Corporation
established under the Ghana
National Petroleum Corporation
Law, 1983 (PNDCL 64) in this Law
referred to as "the Corporation",
shall engage in the exploration,
development or production of
petroleum except in accordance
with the terms of a petroleum
agreement entered into between
that person, the Republic and the
Corporation pursuant to subsection
(4) of section 5 of this Law or
any other authority granted or
recognised under this Law.
(2) Without prejudice to section 1
of this Law, any person who
intends to negotiate for a
petroleum agreement for the
exploration, development or
production of petroleum shall
submit an application to the
Secretary in accordance with such
Regulations and such competitive
bidding procedure as may be
prescribed.
(3) Copies of such an application
shall be forwarded by the
applicant to the National Energy
Board, the Lands Commission, the
Forestry Commission in cases where
forest resources are to be
affected by the petroleum
operations envisaged, the Public
Agreements Board and the Minerals
Commission.
Section 3—Petroleum Operations to
Conform to Best International
Practices, Etc.
Any operations undertaken under a
petroleum agreement or other
authority granted under this Law
shall be carried out in accordance
with such Regulations as may be
prescribed and with the best
international practices in
comparable circumstances relating
to exploration and production of
petroleum, including secondary
recovery and the prevention of and
waste of petroleum, so as to
maximise the ultimate recovery of
petroleum from a petroleum field.
Such practices shall include all
reasonable steps to secure the
safety, health and welfare of
persons engaged in these
operations and shall be in
accordance with any directions
given, restrictions imposed or
requirements made by the Secretary
to ensure compliance with such
Regulations as may be prescribed.
Section 4—Secretary to Prepare
Reference Map of Blocks.
(1) The Secretary shall prepare a
reference map showing areas of
potential petroleum fields within
the jurisdiction of Ghana, divided
into numbered areas and each of
which shall be described as a
"block".
(2) Subject to such guidelines as
the Secretary may issue in respect
of the maximum number of blocks or
portions of a block or of
different blocks that may be held
under a petroleum agreement under
this Law, a petroleum agreement
may be entered into or authority
obtained, in respect of such
number of blocks or portions of a
block or of different blocks as
may be specified in such agreement
or other authority.
(3) The Secretary may from time to
time decide to close certain
blocks other than those covered by
petroleum agreements or other
authority provided for under this
Law, redefine the boundaries of
open blocks, or give notice in the
Gazette, or in such other manner
as the Secretary deems fit, of the
opening of new blocks.
(4) Any decision of the Secretary
to close or redefine the
boundaries of open blocks shall
not become operative until after
the expiration of ninety days
after a notice of such closure or
redefinition of the boundaries of
open blocks has been published in
the Gazette or in such other
manner as the Secretary shall deem
fit.
(5) Within the said period of
ninety days all parties with an
interest in any petroleum
agreement or other authority for
petroleum operations may make
representations to the Secretary
regarding the decision to close or
redefine open blocks.
(6) No such closure or
redefinition of open blocks, shall
operate to reduce the area which,
at the time of such closure or
redefinition, is subject to a
petroleum agreement.
(7) Where a petroleum field
extends beyond the boundaries of
an area covered by a petroleum
agreement or any other authority
granted or recognised under this
Law, the Secretary may determine
that such petroleum field shall be
developed as a single unit and may
give appropriate directions to the
Corporation or the contractor or
any other person concerned.
Section 5—Corporation to have
Right Over all Blocks.
(1) Subject to such Regulations as
may be prescribed and subsections
(3) and (4) of this section, the
Corporation shall have a right to
undertake exploration, development
and production of petroleum over
all blocks declared by the
Secretary as open for petroleum
operations over which no petroleum
agreement exists.
(2) Subject to the provisions of
section 35 of this Law, the rights
granted to the Corporation under
subsection (1) of this section
shall not effect any rights
granted to any person under any
licence or authority given under
the Minerals Act, 1962 (Act 126)
for prospecting and production
before the coming into force of
this Law.
(3) Where the exploration,
development and production of
petroleum under subsection (1) of
this section is carried out by the
Corporation not in association
with a contractor under the terms
of a petroleum agreement, the
operations of the Corporation
shall be carried out in accordance
with such terms and conditions as
may be prescribed in the
Regulations, and in accordance
with a long-term exploration and
production programme and annual
programme drawn up by the
Corporation in respect of each
block and approved by the
Secretary.
(4) Where the exploration,
development and production of
petroleum is carried out by the
Corporation in association with a
contractor, such contractor shall
first enter into a petroleum
agreement, in accordance with
subsection (1) of section 2 of
this Law, with the Republic and
the Corporation to specify the
terms and conditions under which
such petroleum operations shall be
carried out. Any such petroleum
agreement shall include such
provisions as may be required by
Part II of this Law.
Section 6—Right to Enter Land.
(1) Subject to the provisions of
this Law and such Regulations as
may be prescribed, the Corporation
or a contractor or subcontractor
shall have the right to enter upon
any land to carry out petroleum
operations.
(2) Any person holding a title to
or an interest in land on which
the Corporation or a contractor or
sub-contractor proposes to enter
and to carry out petroleum
operations shall, after
consultation with the Corporation,
permit the carrying out of such
operations:
Provided that,
(a) before the commencement of
such operations all persons having
a title to or interest in the land
on which such operations are to be
carried out shall be notified of
the purpose, nature and location
of the proposed operations; and
(b) any person having a title to
or interest in such land who
suffers any loss or damage as a
result of the petroleum operations
shall be entitled to such
compensation as may be determined
by Law.
Section 7—Compensation.
(1) The owner or occupier of any
land on which the Corporation or
such contractor or sub-contractor
as the case may be, has carried
out petroleum operations, shall
apply to the Corporation or
sub-contractor for compensation
for any disturbance, of the
owner's or occupier's surface
rights and for any damage to the
surface of the land, buildings,
works or improvements or to
livestock, crops and trees as a
result of such petroleum
operations.
(2) Such application for
compensation shall be copied to
the Secretary and Land Valuation
Board.
(3) The amount of compensation
payable under subsection (1) of
this section shall, subject to the
approval of the Land Valuation
Board, be determined by agreement
between the parties concerned, or
if the parties are unable to reach
agreement as to the compensation,
the matter shall be referred to
the Secretary who shall in
consultation with the Land
Valuation Board determine the
compensation payable.
Section 8—Non-assignment of
Petroleum Agreement.
A
petroleum agreement entered into
under this Law shall not directly
or indirectly be assigned, in
whole or in part, by the holder of
such agreement to another person
without the prior consent in
writing of the Secretary.
Section 9—Notification and
Appraisal of Petroleum Discovery.
(1) The Corporation or a
contractor shall furnish such
information as may be requested by
the Secretary and submit periodic
reports on any exploration carried
out under a petroleum agreement in
accordance with such Regulations
as may be prescribed.
(2) Where a petroleum discovery is
made as a result of such
exploration, the Corporation or
the contractor, as the case may be
shall notify the Secretary and the
National Energy Board within a
period of thirty days after the
date of such discovery and shall,
in addition, furnish full
particulars in writing of the
discovery to the Secretary and the
said Board as soon as practicable
thereafter, indicating whether
such discovery merits appraisal or
not.
(3) The Corporation or the
contractor, as the case may be,
shall, after indicating that the
discovery merits appraisal,
prepare and submit to the
Secretary and the National Energy
Board a programme and time-table
to carry out an adequate and
effective appraisal of such
discovery for the purpose of
enabling a determination to be
made as promptly as possible
whether such discovery constitute
a commercial field, and the
petroleum agreement shall specify
the period for carrying out such
appraisal.
(4) Where a commercial field is
established, such field shall be
developed promptly by the
Corporation or the contractor, as
the case may be, in accordance
with such Regulations as may be
prescribed and with the best
international techniques and
practices prevailing in the
petroleum industry, in order to
ensure the most efficient,
beneficial and timely use of the
petroleum resources concerned.
(5) Where a contractor declares a
discovery to be non-commercial,
the area which comprises the
geological structure in which the
discovery is located shall be
relinquished by the contractor.
Section 10—Development Plans,
Annual and Long-term Production
Programme.
(1) The Corporation or a
contractor as the case may be,
shall submit to the Secretary and
the National Energy Board a
development plan in respect of any
petroleum field to be developed
directly by the Corporation or in
accordance with the terms of a
petroleum agreement and such
Regulations as may be prescribed.
(2) No operations shall commence
to implement a development plan
unless the plan has been approved
by the Secretary.
(3) The Corporation or a
contractor, as the case may be,
shall submit for the approval of
the Secretary long-term production
programmes in respect of any
petroleum field to be developed
directly by the Corporation or in
accordance with the terms of a
petroleum agreement and such
Regulations as may be prescribed.
(4) The Secretary may direct the
Corporation or a contractor, as
the case may be, to take necessary
and practical steps to increase or
reduce the rate at which petroleum
is being recovered to such a rate
as will enhance the ultimate
recovery of petroleum from the
field and not to exceed the
capacity of existing production
facilities in accordance with such
Regulations as may be prescribed.
PART II—PETROLEUM AGREEMENTS
Section 11—Application of this
Part.
This Part shall apply to petroleum
agreements entered into by the
Republic, the Corporation and a
contractor pursuant to subsection
(4) of section 5 of this Law.
Section 12—Period of Validity of
Petroleum Agreement.
(1) A petroleum agreement entered
into under this Law shall be valid
for a total period not exceeding
thirty years, but such agreement
shall terminate at any earlier
time provided for in the agreement
and in any case if no commercial
discovery of petroleum is made
within seven years from the
effective date of such agreement
or such lesser period as may be
stipulated in such agreement.
(2) The period commencing from the
effective date of a petroleum
agreement until the date of
termination of the agreement if no
commercial discovery is made
specified in subsection (1) of
this section shall constitute the
exploration period and such period
shall be divided into an initial
exploration period and one or more
periods of extension.
(3) Where a discovery of petroleum
is made during the last year of
the time period specified in
subsection (1) of this section for
termination of an agreement if no
commercial discovery is made, the
Secretary may grant an extension
of such time period in respect of
the reduced area comprising the
geological structure in which the
discovery is located on such terms
and conditions as the Secretary
deems fit for the purpose of
enabling a determination to be
made within such period of
extension whether such discovery
of petroleum constitutes a
commercial field.
Section 13—Review of Terms and
Conditions.
A
petroleum agreement shall provide
for a review of its terms at any
time any significant change occurs
in the circumstances prevailing at
the time of the entry into the
agreement or the last review of
the agreement.
Section 14—Relinquishment of
Portions of an Area.
(1) A petroleum agreement shall
provide for the relinquishment in
a phased manner of portions of an
area to which the agreement
relates after the expiration of
the initial exploration period
specified in the agreement or
after the extension of any such
period.
(2) Any area relinquished in
accordance with the terms of a
petroleum agreement shall, in so
far as it is possible, be
contiguous and compact and of such
size and shape as will permit the
effective carrying out of
petroleum operations in the
relinquished area and shall be in
accordance with such Regulations
so may be prescribed.
(3) The area to be retained at the
end of the exploration period
shall, in so far as possible,
include the petroleum reservoirs
for all discoveries of petroleum
which may have been made in the
agreement area and shall be of
such size and shape as the
Secretary shall approve, except as
may otherwise be provided in
accordance with the terms of a
petroleum agreement.
Section 15—Minimum Work and
Expenditure Obligations.
A
petroleum agreement shall provide
for a minimum work and expenditure
obligations to be fulfilled by a
contractor during the initial
exploration period and each
subsequent extension of such
period.
Section 16—Production of Natural
Gas.
(1) A petroleum agreement shall
provide that any natural gas
produced in association with crude
oil may be used in petroleum
operations, but such use shall be
in accordance with such
Regulations as may be prescribed
and with good petroleum industry
practice and approved production
plans.
(2) Any natural gas produced by a
contractor in association with
crude oil which is not used in
petroleum operations pursuant to
subsection (1) of this section and
all natural gas produced other
than in association with crude oil
shall be the property of the
Corporation except as may
otherwise be agreed upon by the
Corporation and the contractor in
accordance with the terms of a
petroleum agreement.
Section 17—Participating Interest.
A
petroleum agreement shall provide
that the Corporation shall, within
a specified period of time from
the date a discovery is declared
to be commercial, have the option
to acquire up to such percentage
of the interest in the rights and
obligations of such petroleum
operations on such terms as may be
agreed between the Corporation and
the contractor in such petroleum
agreement.
Section 18—Rental Payments.
There shall be payable to the
Republic by a contractor such
annual rental charges as may be
prescribed by the Secretary except
as may otherwise be provided in
accordance with the terms of a
petroleum agreement in respect of
the area to which such agreement
relates during the initial
exploration period or any
extensions of such period.
Section 19—Payment of Tax.
A
contractor shall, subject to the
provisions of this Law, pay
company income tax in accordance
with the laws of Ghana, except as
may otherwise be provided in
accordance with the terms of a
petroleum agreement.
Section 20—Payment of Royalties.
(1) There shall be payable to the
Republic royalty in respect of any
petroleum produced in Ghana,
except as may otherwise be
provided in accordance with the
terms of a petroleum agreement.
(2) Petroleum produced by the
Corporation carrying out petroleum
operations pursuant be subsection
(3) of section 5 of this Law shall
be subject to the payment of
royalty at such rates as may be
prescribed from time to time.
(3) Petroleum produced pursuant to
a petroleum agreement shall be
subject to the payment of royalty
at such rates as may be specified
in such agreement, and the
Corporation shall be liable for
the payment of such royalty as is
due in respect of such petroleum.
Section 21—Contractor to Transfer
Assets to Corporation.
(1) A petroleum agreement shall
provide for the transfer to the
Corporation of all physical assets
purchased, installed, constructed
by the contractor for petroleum
operations and the cost of which
has been included in Exploration
Expenditures, provided that the
contractor shall have the use of
such assets for purposes of
operations under a petroleum
agreement and shall remain liable
for maintenance, insurance and
other costs associated with such
use.
(2) Without prejudice to
subsection (1) of this section,
after termination of petroleum
operations in any area, the
contractor shall give the
Corporation an option to acquire
any movable and immovable assets
used for such petroleum
operations, and the operation of
section 28 of this Law may be
modified accordingly at the
request of the Corporation.
(3) The provisions of this section
shall not require the contractor
to transfer to the Corporation
equipment or any other assets
rented or leased by the contractor
which is imported into Ghana for
use in petroleum operations and
subsequently re-exported therefrom,
and which is of the type
customarily leased for such use in
accordance with petroleum industry
practice.
PART III—RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
CONTRACTORS AND SUB-CONTRACTORS
Section 22—Petroleum Subcontracts
not Assignable Without Consent of
Secretary.
A
contractor or sub-contractor shall
not assign, either directly or
indirectly, his rights and
obligations under a petroleum
sub-contract, in whole or in part,
to a third party without the prior
written consent of the Secretary.
Section 23—Obligations of
Contractors and Sub-Contractors
(1) A contractor or sub-contractor
shall conduct petroleum operations
under a petroleum agreement or
petroleum sub-contract, as the
case may be, with due diligence
and efficiency and in accordance
with both such Regulations as may
be prescribed and with the best
international techniques and
practices prevailing in the
petroleum industry, in a
workman-like manner, observing
sound engineering and technical
practices and using appropriate
advanced technology and effective
equipment, machinery, methods and
materials.
(2) All data and information
obtained by a contractor or
sub-contractor as a result of
petroleum operations and all
geological, geophysical,
technical, financial and economic
reports, studies, interpretations
and analysis prepared by or on
behalf of a contractor or
sub-contractor in connection with
such petroleum operations shall be
the property of the Corporation.
(3) A contractor or sub-contractor
shall not retain or export or
permit the retention or export of
any such data or documents
referred to in subsection (2) of
this section without the prior
approval in writing of the
Corporation, and where much data
or documents are exported, the
sub-contractor shall, at the
written request of the
Corporation, re-export them
forthwith to Ghana.
(4) Where such interpretations or
analysis referred to in subsection
(2) of this section are done
outside Ghana, copies of the
reports thereon shall be forwarded
to the Corporation forthwith by
the contractor or sub-contractor
responsible for such
interpretations or analysis.
(5) A contractor or sub-contractor
shall keep all data acquired and
any existing data released to him
by the State or the Corporation
confidential and shall not
disclose such data to a third
Party without permission from the
Secretary except as may otherwise
be provided in accordance with the
terms of a petroleum agreement or
petroleum sub-contract, as the
case may be.
(6) A contractor or sub-contractor
shall maintain in Ghana complete
and accurate records of all
operations carried out by him and
also complete and accurate books
of account, records and registers
relating to such activities.
(7) A contractor or sub-contractor
shall furnish to the Corporation
at regular intervals reports on
petroleum operations being carried
out by him and shall also furnish
to the Corporation such data,
information or reports as the
Corporation may request.
(8) A contractor or sub-contractor
shall furnish the Corporation such
performance bonds and guarantees
as may be required in accordance
with the Regulations and in
accordance with the terms of a
petroleum agreement or petroleum
sub-contract entered into under
this Law in order to ensure the
fulfilment of the obligations
undertaken by such contractor or
sub-contractor or the discharge of
his liabilities arising out of the
operations under such petroleum
agreement or petroleum
sub-contract and to ensure
compliance with this Law and the
Regulations.
(9) A contractor or sub-contractor
shall at all times keep the
Corporation indemnified against
claims arising from the operations
of such contractor or
sub-contractor brought by third
parties.
(10) A contractor or
sub-contractor shall, in
accordance with the Regulations
and with the terms of a petroleum
agreement or petroleum
sub-contract, as the case may be,
ensure that opportunities are
given as far as is possible for
the employment of Ghanaians having
the requisite expertise or
qualifications in the various
levels of the operations.
(11) A contractor or
sub-contractor shall not engage in
discriminatory practices on
grounds of race, nationality or
sex in the conditions of service
provided for personnel.
(12) A contractor or
sub-contractor shall, as far as
practicable, in accordance with
the Regulations and the petroleum
agreement or sub-contract use
goods and services produced or
provided in Ghana for his
operations in preference to
foreign goods and services.
(13) A contractor or
sub-contractor shall, in
consultation with the Corporation,
prepare and implement, in
accordance with the Regulations
and in accordance with the terms
of any such petroleum agreement or
petroleum sub-contract, plans and
programmes for training Ghanaians
in all job classifications and in
all aspects of petroleum
operations.
(14) A contractor or
sub-contractor shall while
carrying out petroleum operations
prepare and implement plans for
the transfer to the Corporation of
advanced technological know-how
and skills relating to petroleum
operations but this provision
shall not be interpreted to
disable the contractor or
sub-contractor from protecting
their competitive position in the
petroleum industry or requiring
the Corporation also to take steps
to protect such competitive
position.
(15) Except for such
sub-contractors as may be exempted
from the requirements of this
subsection by the Regulations, a
contractor or sub-contractor which
is not an incorporated company in
Ghana under the Companies Code,
1963 (Act 179) shall —
(a) register an incorporated
company in Ghana under the
provisions of the Companies Code,
1963 (Act 179) to be authorised to
carry out solely petroleum
operations in respect of which a
petroleum agreement or petroleum
sub-contract has been entered into
under this Law and such company
shall be a signatory to any
petroleum agreement;
(b) maintain an office or
establishment in Ghana to carry
out petroleum operations and shall
have in charge of such office or
establishment a representative
with full authority to act and to
enter into binding commitments on
behalf of the contractor or
sub-contractor, as the case may
be; and
(c) in respect of such petroleum
operations, open and maintain an
account with a bank in Ghana.
(16) A contractor or
sub-contractor shall not transfer
any share or shares in its
incorporated company in Ghana to a
third party either directly or
indirectly without the written
approval of the Secretary if the
effect of such transfer would be
either to give such third party
control of such company or to
enable such third party take over
the interests of a shareholder who
owns five per centum or more of
the shares in such company.
(17) A contractor or
sub-contractor carrying out
petroleum operations shall
maintain at the work site an
establishment capable of dealing
adequately with fire, oil spills,
blow-outs, accidents or other
emergency situations so as to
prevent or control such situations
and to minimise loss or damage
therefrom.
(18) A contractor or
sub-contractor carrying out
petroleum operations shall be
responsible for any pollution or
damage caused by or resulting from
such operations as well as
pollution or damage caused by or
resulting from petroleum
operations undertaken by an agent
or employee of such contractor or
sub-contractor and shall take all
necessary measures to remedy any
pollution or damage so caused.
(19) If at any time a contractor
or sub-contractor fails to carry
out petroleum operations in a safe
manner in accordance with the
Regulations and with the best
international techniques and
practices prevailing in the
petroleum industry in comparable
circumstances, the Corporation
may, after giving the contractor
or sub-contractor, as the case may
be, such notice as may be
reasonable in the circumstances,
take all measures necessary to
ensure safety and may recover the
costs and expenses of so doing
from the contractor or the
sub-contractor.
Section 24—Rights of a Contractor.
(1) (a) A contractor shall,
subject to the provisions of this
Law and in association
with the Corporation, have a right
to carry out petroleum operations
and execute such works as may be
expedient in the area, the subject
of a petroleum agreement.
(b) The exercise of such rights of
the contractor conferred by
paragraph (a) of this subsection
shall be subject to restrictions
in specified areas which shall be
prescribed in the Regulations.
(2) Subject to the provisions of
subsection (3) of this section, a
contractor shall be permitted to
export from Ghana any petroleum
which he is entitled under the
terms of a petroleum agreement to
export.
(3) Where there is war or other
emergency affecting energy
supplies, the Secretary may
require a contractor to sell all
or part of the quantity of
petroleum produced at the
prevailing market prices to the
Republic or any agency of the
Republic.
PART IV—MISCELLANEOUS
Section 25—Transactions Between
Contractor and Affiliates.
Subject to the provisions of this
Law, any transaction between a
contractor or sub-contractor and
an affiliate in relation to
petroleum operations to be carried
out under this Law shall be on the
basis of prevailing international
competitive prices and such other
terms and conditions as would be
fair and reasonable if such
transaction had taken place
between the contractor or
sub-contractor and a
non-affiliate.
Section 26—Auditing.
An auditor appointed by the
Corporation or any person
authorised by the Corporation
shall have the right at all
reasonable times to inspect, test
and audit, as appropriate, the
works, equipment, operations and
financial books of account,
records and registers relating to
petroleum operations performed by
a contractor or a sub-contractor
under this Law and to make
abstracts or copies of any
document pertaining to such
operations.
Section 27—Inspection.
(1) The Secretary may authorise
any person to inspect any
petroleum operations and to ensure
that such petroleum operations are
carried out in accordance with the
provisions of this Law and the
Regulations and in accordance with
the terms and conditions of any
applicable petroleum agreement or
petroleum sub-contract.
(2) Any person authorised by the
Secretary under subsection (1) of
this section shall have the right
at reasonable times to:
(a) enter any area, structure,
platform, vehicles, installation,
vessel, aircraft, facilities,
offices or buildings used by the
Corporation, a contractor or
sub-contractor for petroleum
operations;
(b) inspect, test and audit, as
appropriate, the works, equipment,
operations and financial books of
account, records and registers of
a contractor or sub-contractor or
the Corporation relating to or
used in such petroleum operations
;
(c) take and remove for the
purposes of analysis or testing
sample of petroleum, water or
other substance from a well;
(d) inspect, take extracts from,
and make copies of any document
relating to such operations; and
(e) make such examinations and
inquiries as are necessary to
ensure that the provisions of this
Law and the Regulations are being
complied with.
(3) A contractor or sub-contractor
or the Corporation, as the case
may be, shall provide any person
authorised by the Secretary under
subsection (1) of this section
with all reasonable facilities and
assistance to enable the effective
and timely performance of the
inspection functions under this
section.
Section 28—Restoration of Affected
Lands.
After the termination of petroleum
operations in any area the
Corporation, in the case of
operations pursuant to subsection
(3) of section 5 of this Law or
the contractor, in the case of
operations pursuant to a petroleum
agreement in accordance with
subsection (4) of section 5 of
this Law, shall restore the
affected areas and remove all
causes of damage or danger to the
environment in accordance with the
Regulations. Such restoration
shall include removal of all
property brought into the affected
area but no longer required for
further petroleum operations, the
plugging or closing off of all
abandoned wells in such a manner
as may be provided by the
Regulations; and the conservation
and protection of natural
resources in such area.
Section 29—Secretary to Request
for Information.
(1) The Secretary may, for the
purpose of this Law, request in
writing any person to furnish him,
within such period as may be
specified in the request, such
information and documents as may
be specified therein.
(2) Any person requested to
furnish any information or
document under subsection (1) of
this section shall comply with the
request within the period
specified therein.
Section 30—Exclusion of Exemptions
Granted Under Act 437.
Notwithstanding the provisions of
the Investment Code, 1981 (Act
437) relating to the mining
industry, the provisions of this
Law or of any petroleum agreement
or petroleum sub-contract entered
into thereunder shall not entitle
a contractor or sub-contractor —
(a) to the exemption from payment
of company tax granted under
paragraph (2)(b)(i) of sub-part B
of Part II of the Third Schedule
to the Investment Code, 1981 (Act
437); or
(b) to the guarantee of extended
management control granted under
paragraph (2)(b)(ii) of sub-part B
of Part II of the said Third
Schedule; or
(c) to the exemption from payment
of company tax granted under
paragraph (2)(b)(iii) of sub-part
B of Part II of the said Third
Schedule; or
(d) to the benefits granted to
approved enterprises generally
under sub-part A of Part II of the
said Third Schedule.
Section 31—Offences and Penalties.
(1) Any person who —
(a) undertakes petroleum
operations otherwise than in
accordance with the provisions of
this Law;
(b) unlawfully interferes with or
obstructs the Corporation or a
contractor or sub-contractor or
their agents or employees in the
exercise of any right under this
Law;
(c) wilfully obstructs, hinders or
assaults any other person in the
exercise of any right, power or in
the performance of any duty under
this Law; or
(d) otherwise contravenes any
other provision of this Law, shall
be guilty of an offence and liable
on conviction to a fine not
exceeding ¢1,000,000.00 and, where
the offence continues, to a fine
not exceeding ¢1,000,000.00 for
each day on which the offence
continues or to imprisonment for a
term not exceeding six months or
both.
(2) Where an offence is committed
by a body of persons —
(a) in the case of a body
corporate, other than a
partnership every director or
officer of the body shall be
deemed also to be guilty of the
offence; and
(b) in the case of a partnership,
every partner or officer of that
body shall be deemed to be guilty
of that offence;
provided that no person shall be
deemed to be guilty of an offence
by virtue of this section if he
proves that the offence was
committed without his knowledge or
that he exercised due care and
diligence to prevent the
commission of the offence, having
regard to all the circumstances.
Section 32—Regulations.
(1) The Secretary may, by
legislative instrument, make
regulations prescribing all
matters that by this Law are
required or permitted to be
prescribed or are necessary or
convenient to be prescribed for
carrying out or giving full effect
to this Law.
(2) Without prejudice to the
generality of subsection (1) of
this section, the Secretary may
prescribe regulations for or with
respect to —
(a) ensuring the safe
construction, maintenance and
operation of installations and
facilities used in connection with
petroleum operations;
(b) the safety, health and welfare
of persons employed in petroleum
operations and generally for all
necessary safety measures;
(c) the prevention of pollution
and the taking of remedial action
in respect of any pollution which
may occur in connection with
petroleum operations;
(d) the inspection of areas in
which petroleum operations are
being carried out and of any
plant, machinery and equipment
within those areas;
(e) the reporting of and inquiries
into accidents arising out of
petroleum operations;
(f) the keeping and inspection of
records, accounts, statistics and
plans with respect to petroleum
operations;
(g) the relinquishment of portions
of areas subject to petroleum
agreement;
(h) the protection of fishing,
navigation, and other activities
carried out within or in the
vicinity of any areas in which
petroleum operations are being
carried out;
(i)
the making and submission of
reports, returns and programmes;
(j) the standards for petroleum
and petroleum products and
transportation thereof;
(k) the rates of royalty payable
in respect of petroleum
production, the methods of
calculation of the amount of
royalty and the manner and times
of payment thereof;
(l) the reference map of numbered
areas, each of which shall be
described as a "block", and
guidelines on the maximum number
of blocks that may be held under a
petroleum agreement by an
applicant;
(m) competitive bidding procedures
for petroleum agreements;
(n) determining the value of
crude oil and natural gas;
(o) requiring the Corporation and
any contractor to submit to the
National Energy Board and the
Secretary their investment
programme;
(p) the conservation of natural
resources and the avoidance of
waste, whether petroleum or
otherwise, of the land to which
this Law applies;
(q) the accounting procedures to
be followed and reporting on all
petroleum operations;
(r) the minimum conditions of
service for workers engaged in
petroleum operations;
(s) the terms and conditions of
petroleum agreements pursuant to
subsection (2) of section 2 of
this Law;
(t) the rates or methods of
setting the rates at which
petroleum and water may be
recovered from any well or
petroleum reservoir;
(u) the methods to be used for the
measurement of petroleum, water
and other substances from a
well;
(v) the pressure maintenance in,
or repressuring of, a petroleum
reservoir and the recycling of
petroleum;
(w) the terms and conditions under
which the Corporation shall
undertake the exploration,
development and production of
petroleum not in association with
a contractor pursuant to
subsection (3) of section 5 of
this Law;
(x) the specified areas in which
the exercise of rights of a
contractor under subsection (1) of
section 22 of this Law to carry
out petroleum operations shall be
restricted; and
(y) the penalties for offences
against the Regulations.
Section 33—Interpretation.
In this Law, unless the content
otherwise requires,—
"affiliate" means any shareholder
of a contractor or sub-contractor
owning five per centum or more of
the shares in the business of such
contractor or sub-contractor or
any entity which controls, is
controlled by or is under common
control with, the contractor or
sub-contractor;
"contractor" means any person,
firm, body corporate or other
entity which has entered into a
petroleum agreement with the
Republic and the Corporation
pursuant to subsection (4) of
section 5 of this Law;
"crude oil" means hydrocarbons
which are solid or liquid under
normal atmospheric conditions and
includes condensates and
distillates obtained from natural
gas;
"development" includes the
building and installation of
facilities for the production of
petroleum and the drilling of
development wells;
"discovery" means petroleum not
previously known to have existed,
recovered at the surface in a flow
measurable by conventional
industry testing methods;
"exploration" means the search for
petroleum by geological,
geophysical and other means, and
drilling of exploration wells,
including appraisal wells, and
activities connected therewith;
"natural gas" means all
hydrocarbons which are gaseous
under normal atmospheric
conditions and includes wet gas,
dry gas and residue gas remaining
after the extraction of liquid
hydrocarbons from wet gas;
"petroleum" means crude oil or
natural gas or a combination of
both;
"petroleum agreement" means an
agreement entered into between the
Republic, the Corporation and a
contractor pursuant to subsection
(4) of section 5 of this Law for
the exploration, development and
production of petroleum by the
Corporation in association with
the contractor;
"petroleum sub-contract" means any
contract between the Corporation
and a third party or between a
contractor and a third party for
the provision of services for
petroleum operations, but does not
include a petroleum agreement;
"petroleum operations" means the
exploration, development or
production of petroleum;
"petroleum product" means any
product derived from petroleum by
any refining or treatment process;
"production" means the extraction
and disposal of petroleum,
including development operations
and all other works and services
connected therewith;
"Regulations" means regulations
made pursuant to section 32 of
this Law or pursuant to section 16
of the National Energy Board Law,
1983 (PNDCL 62) or regulations
made under the Minerals Act, 1962
(Act 126) in respect of petroleum;
"Republic" means the Republic of
Ghana;
"State" means the Government of
the Republic of Ghana;
"sub-contractor" means any third
party with whom the Corporation or
a contractor, as the case may be,
has entered into a petroleum
contract for the provision of
services for petroleum operations.
Section 34—Affected Legislation.
(1) Except as otherwise provided
in this Law, the provisions of the
Minerals Act, 1962 (Act 126)
shall, to the extent that they
apply to petroleum, cease to be
operative on the coming into force
of this Law, and accordingly, any
reference in that Act to petroleum
shall be deemed to have been
repealed.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1)
of this section any regulations
made under the Minerals Act, 1962
(Act 126) in respect of petroleum
shall, to the extent they are
consistent with the provisions of
this Law, continue in force until
amended or revoked under this Law.
(3) The Petroleum (Exploration and
Production) Law, 1983 (PNDCL 68)
is hereby repealed.
Section 35—Transitional Provisions
Relating to Prospecting and Mining
Licences.
(1) Notwithstanding section 34 of
this Law any oil prospecting
licence or oil-mining licence
granted under the Minerals Act
1962 (Act 126) and which is in
effect on the coming into force of
this Law shall continue to be in
operation in accordance with the
terms and conditions of such
licence for a period of six months
following the coming into force of
this Law or after such longer
period as the Secretary may allow.
(2) During such period of
operation, the holder of any such
licence shall negotiate with the
Republic and the Corporation for a
petroleum agreement over all or
part of the area the subject of
such licence, and no petroleum
agreement relating to any part of
such area shall be entered into
with any party other than the
holder of such licence prior to
the expiration of such period.
(3) Where assets have been
acquired for petroleum production
under a licence of the kind
referred to in subsection (1) of
this section, such assets may only
be removed from a site after an
inspection of the site authorised
by the Secretary and an approval
in writing of such removal has
been granted.
(4) The petroleum operation
relating to any production well in
existence before the coming into
force of this Law shall not be
terminated except with the
approval in writing of the
Secretary.
Section 36—Commencement.
This Law shall be deemed to have
come into force on the 1st day of
October, 1983.
Made this lst day of June, 1984.
FLT.-LT. JERRY JOHN RAWLINGS
Chairman of the Provisional
National Defence Council
Date of Gazette Notification: 29th
June,
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